Category Archives: Pre Code Films

Mary Astor


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Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Mary Astor (born Lucile Vasconcellos Langhanke; May 3, 1906 – September 25, 1987) was an American actress.

She is best remembered for her role as Brigid O’Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon (1941).

Astor began her long motion picture career as a teenager in the silent movies of the early 1920s. She eventually changed to talkies. At first her voice was considered too masculine and she was off the screen for a year. She appeared in a play with friend Florence Eldridge, and the film offers came in, so she was able to resume her career in talking films.

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Four years later her career was nearly destroyed due to scandal. In 1936 Astor was later branded an adulterous wife by her ex-husband, in a custody fight over her daughter. Overcoming these stumbling blocks in her private life, Astor went on to greater success on screen, eventually winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in The Great Lie  (1941).

Astor was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player through most of the 1940s and continued to work in film, television and on stage until her retirement in 1964. Astor was the author of five novels.

Her autobiography was a bestseller, as was her later book, A Life on Film, which was about her career. Director Lindsay Anderson wrote of her in 1990 that “when two or three who love the cinema are gathered together, the name of Mary Astor always comes up, and everybody agrees that she was an actress of special attraction, whose qualities of depth and reality always seemed to illuminate the parts she played”.

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Early life

Astor was born in Quincy, Illinois, the only child of Otto Ludwig Langhanke (October 2, 1871 – February 3, 1943) and Helen Marie de Vasconcellos (April 19, 1881 – January 18, 1947).

Both of her parents were teachers. Her father, a German man from Berlin, emigrated to the United States in 1891 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen; her American mother was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, and had Irish and Portuguese roots. They married on August 3, 1904 in Lyons, Kansas.

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Otto Ludwig Langhanke, Mary Astor’s father

Astor’s father taught German at Quincy High School until the U.S. entered World War I. Later on, he took up light farming. Astor’s mother, who had always wanted to be an actress, taught drama and elocution. Astor was home-schooled in academics and was taught to play the piano by her father, who insisted she practice daily. Her piano talents came in handy when she played piano in her films The Great Lie and Meet Me in St. Louis.

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In 1919, Astor sent a photograph of herself to a beauty contest in Motion Picture Magazine, becoming a semifinalist. When Astor was 15, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois, with her father teaching German in public schools. Astor took drama lessons and appeared in various amateur stage productions. The following year, she sent another photograph to Motion Picture Magazine, this time becoming a finalist and then runner-up in the national contest. Her father then moved the family to New York City, in order for his daughter to act in motion pictures. He managed her affairs from September 1920 to June 1930.

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Manhattan photographer, Charles Albin, saw her photograph and asked the young girl with haunting eyes and long auburn hair, whose nickname was “Rusty”, to pose for him. The Albin photographs were seen by Harry Durant of Famous Players-Lasky and Astor was signed to a six-month contract with Paramount Pictures. Her name was changed to “Mary Astor” during a conference between Paramount Pictures chief Jesse Lasky, film producer Walter Wanger, and gossip columnist Louella Parsons.

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Silent movie career

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A 1924 publicity photo of Astor from Stars of the Photoplay

Astor’s first screen test was directed by Lillian Gish, who was so impressed with her recitation of Shakespeare that she shot a thousand feet of her.

She made her debut at age 14 in the 1921 film Sentimental Tommy, but her small part in a dream sequence wound up on the cutting room floor.

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Sentimental Tommy (1921)  Dir: John S Robertson

Paramount let her contract lapse. She then appeared in some movie shorts with sequences based on famous paintings. She received critical recognition for the 1921 two-reeler The Beggar Maid. Her first feature-length movie was John Smith (1922), followed that same year by The Man Who Played God. In 1923, she and her parents moved to Hollywood.

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The Beggar Maid (1921)  Dir: Herbert Blache

After appearing in several larger roles at various studios, she was again signed by Paramount, this time to a one-year contract at $500 a week.

After she appeared in several more movies, John Barrymore saw her photograph in a magazine and wanted her cast in his upcoming movie. On loan-out to Warner Bros., she starred with him in Beau Brummel (1924).

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Beau Brummel (1924) Dir: Harry Beaumont 

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Mary Astor and John Barrymore in Beau Brummel (1924) 

The older actor wooed the young actress, but their relationship was severely constrained by Astor’s parents’ unwillingness to let the couple spend time alone together; Mary was only seventeen and legally underage.

It was only after Barrymore convinced the Langhankes that his acting lessons required privacy that the couple managed to be alone at all. Their secret engagement ended largely because of the Langhankes’ interference and Astor’s inability to escape their heavy-handed authority, and because Barrymore became involved with Astor’s fellow WAMPAS Baby Star Dolores Costello, whom he later married.

In 1925, Astor’s parents bought a Moorish style mansion with 1 acre (4,000 m2) of land known as “Moorcrest” in the hills above Hollywood. The Langhankes not only lived lavishly off of Astor’s earnings, but kept her a virtual prisoner inside Moorcrest.

Moorcrest is notable not only for its ornate style, but its place as the most lavish residence associated with the Krotona Colony, a utopian society founded by the Theosophical Society in 1912.

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Moorcrest Estate

The 6,432-square-foot gated estate was designed by philosophical architect Marie Russak Hotchener and built in 1921, combining Moorish, Gothic and Art Nouveau architectural influences to striking effect

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Built by Marie Russak Hotchener, a Theosophist who had no formal architectural training, the house combines Moorish and Mission Revival styles and contains such Arts and Crafts features as art-glass windows (whose red lotus design Astor called “unfortunate”), and Batchelder tiles.

Moorcrest, which has since undergone a multimillion-dollar renovation, remains standing. Before the Langhankes bought it, it was rented by Charlie Chaplin, whose tenure is memorialized by an art glass window featuring the Little Tramp.

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Astor’s parents were not Theosophists, though the family was friendly with both Marie Hotchener and her husband Harry, prominent TS members.

Marie Hotchener negotiated Astor’s right to a $5 a week allowance (at a time when she was making $2,500 a week) and the right to go to work unchaperoned by her mother.

The following year when she was 19, Astor, fed up with her father’s constant physical and psychological abuse as well as his control of her money, climbed from her second floor bedroom window and escaped to a hotel in Hollywood, as recounted in her memoirs.

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Marie Rusak Hotchener (born Mary Ellen Barnard)

Hotchener facilitated her return by persuading Otto Langhanke to give Astor a savings account with $500 and the freedom to come and go as she pleased.

Nevertheless, she did not gain control of her salary until she was 26 years old, at which point her parents sued her for financial support. Astor settled the case by agreeing to pay her parents $100 a month. Otto Langhanke put Moorcrest up for auction in the early 1930s, hoping to realize more than the $80,000 he had been offered for it; it sold for $25,000.

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Don Juan (1926)  Dir: Alan Crosland  

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Mary Astor in Don Juan (1926)

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Mary Astor and John Barrymore in Don Juan (1926)

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Cast and crew of Don Juan (1926)

Astor continued to appear in movies at various studios. When her Paramount contract ended in 1925, she was signed at Warner Bros.

Among her assignments was another role with John Barrymore, this time in Don Juan (1926).

She was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1926, along with Mary BrianDolores CostelloJoan CrawfordDolores del RíoJanet Gaynor, and Fay Wray.

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WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1926

On loan to Fox Film Corporation, Astor starred in Dressed To Kill (1928), which received good reviews.

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Dressed to Kill  (1928)

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Edmund Lowe and Mary Astor in Dressed to Kill (1928)

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Ben Bard in Dressed t o Kill (1928)

That same year, she starred in the sophisticated comedy Dry Martini at Fox. She later said that, while working on the latter, she “absorbed and assumed something of the atmosphere and emotional climate of the picture.”

She said it offered “a new and exciting point of view; with its specious doctrine of self-indulgence, it rushed into the vacuum of my moral sense and captivated me completely.”

When her Warner Bros. contract ended, she signed a contract with Fox for $3,750 a week. In 1928, she married director Kenneth Hawks at her family home, Moorcrest.

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Dry Martini (1928)  Dir: Harry D’Arrast  

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Mary Astor and Albert Conti in Dry Martini (1928)

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Mary Astor and Matt Moore in Dry Martini (1928)

He gave her a Packard automobile as a wedding present and the couple moved into a home high up on Appian Way, a small hilltop street in Laurel Canyon above the Sunset Strip. Their address was 8803 Appian Way.

Other celebrities who lived at different times on this short street include Errol Flynn and his French wife Lili Damita (8946 Appian Way); Ida Lupino (8761); fashion designer Jean Louis [Berthault] (8761); Ginger Rogers(8782); German composer Rudolf Friml (8782); Gypsy Rose Lee (8815 Appian Way); Carole King (8815); Courteney Cox (8815).

As the film industry made the transition to talkies, Fox gave her a sound test, which she failed because the studio found her voice to be too deep. Though this was probably due to early sound equipment and the inexperience of technicians, the studio released her from her contract and she found herself out of work for eight months in 1929.

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Mary Astor and Kenneth Hawks on their Wedding Day

New beginnings

Astor took voice training and singing lessons in her time off, but no roles were offered. Her acting career was then given a boost by her friend, Florence Eldridge (wife of Fredric March), in whom she confided.

Eldridge, who was to star in the stage play Among the Married at the Majestic Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles, recommended Astor for the second female lead. The play was a success and her voice was deemed suitable, being described as low and vibrant.

She was happy to work again, but her happiness soon ended. On January 2, 1930, while filming sequences for the Fox movie Such Men Are Dangerous, Kenneth Hawks was killed in a mid-air plane crash over the Pacific.

Astor had just finished a matinee performance at the Majestic when Florence Eldridge gave her the news. She was rushed from the theatre to Eldridge’s apartment; a replacement, Doris Lloyd, stepped in for the next show. Astor remained with Eldridge at her apartment for some time, then soon returned to work.

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Newspaper article on Kenneth Hawks’ death

Shortly after her husband’s death, she debuted in her first “talkie”, Ladies Love Brutes (1930) at Paramount, which co-starred friend Fredric March. 

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Ladies Love Brutes  Dir: Rowland W Lee  (1930)  

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George Bancroft and Mary Astor in Ladies Love Brutes (1930)

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Editorial use only. No book cover usage. Mandatory Credit: Photo by Paramount/Kobal/Shutterstock (5858852a) Fredric March, Mary Astor Ladies Love Brutes – 1930 Director: Rowland V. Lee Paramount USA Film Portrait

Mary Astor and Fredric March in Ladies Love Brutes (1930)

While her career picked up, her private life remained difficult. After working on several more movies, she suffered delayed shock over her husband’s death and had a nervous breakdown.

During the months of her illness, she was attended to by Dr. Franklyn Thorpe, whom she married on June 29, 1931.

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Mary Astor and Dr Franklyn Thorpe

That year, she starred as Nancy Gibson in Smart Woman, playing a woman determined to retrieve her husband from a gold-digging flirtation.

The clever dialogue, played against the trappings of a lavish mansion, involves another man who is obviously in love with Astor’s character.

This wealthy lord, at the behest of Gibson, attracts the attention of the gold-digger during lazy days at the manor. The husband, initially set upon divorcing Nancy and marrying the intruder “Peggy Preston”, is dismayed to find Peggy attracted to the newcomer because of his extraordinary wealth. All done in a civil, but cunning, manner.

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Smart Woman  Dir: Gregory La Cava  (1931)  

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Mary Astor and Johnny Halliday in Smart Woman (1931)

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Mary Astor in Smart Woman (1931) 

In May 1932, the Thorpes purchased a yacht and sailed to Hawaii. Astor was expecting a baby in August, but gave birth in June in Honolulu. The child, a daughter, was named Marylyn Hauoli Thorpe: her first name combined her parents’ names and her middle name is Hawaiian. When they returned to Southern California,

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Mary Astor with her baby Marylin Hauoli Thorpe in 1932

Astor freelanced and gained the pivotal role of Barbara Willis in MGM‘s Red Dust (1932) with Clark Gable and Jean Harlow.

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Red Dust  Dir: Victor Fleming  (1932)  

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Clark Gable and Mary Astor in Red Dust (1932)

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Jean Harlow and Mary Astor in Red Dust (1932)

In late 1932, Astor signed a featured player contract with Warner Bros. Meanwhile, besides spending lavishly, her parents invested in the stock market, which often turned out unprofitable.

While they remained in Moorcrest, Astor dubbed it a “white elephant”, and she refused to maintain the house. She had to turn to the Motion Picture Relief Fund in 1933 to pay her bills. In 1933, she appeared as the female lead, Hilda Lake, niece of the murder victims, in The Kennel Murder Case, co-starring with William Powell as detective Philo Vance.

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The Kennel Murder Case  Dir: Michael Curtiz  (1933)

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Mary Astor and William Powell in The Kennel Murder Case (1933)

Film critic William K. Everson pronounced it a “masterpiece” in the August 1984 issue of Films in Review.

Unhappy with her marriage, she took a break from movie-making in 1933 and went to New York alone. While there, enjoying a whirlwind social life, she met the playwright George Kaufman and they had an affair, which she documented in her diary.

George_S._Kaufman              George S Kauffman

scandals120409_1936_560  Mary Astor Diary

Scandals

A legal battle drew press attention to Astor in 1936. Dr. Franklyn Thorpe divorced Astor in April 1935, and a custody battle resulted over their four-year-old daughter, Marylyn.

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Los Angeles Examiner 14/07/1936

Thorpe threatened to use Astor’s diary in the proceedings, which told of her affairs with many celebrities, including George S. Kaufman. The diary was never formally offered as evidence during the trial, but Thorpe and his lawyers constantly referred to it, and its notoriety grew. Astor admitted that the diary existed and that she had documented her affair with Kaufman, but maintained that many of the parts that had been referred to were forgeries, following the theft of the diary from her desk.

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The diary was deemed inadmissible as a mutilated document, and the trial judge, Goodwin J. Knight, ordered it sealed and impounded. In 1952, by court order, Astor’s diary was removed from the bank vault where it had been sequestered for 16 years and destroyed.

Astor had just begun work as Edith Cortwright, opposite Walter Huston in the title role of Dodsworth as news of the diary became public. Producer Samuel Goldwyn was urged to fire her, as her contract included a morality clause, but Goldwyn refused and the movie was a hit.

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Dodsworth  (1936)  Dir: William Wyler  

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DODSWORTH, Walter Huston, Mary Astor, 1936

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Dodsworth (1936) Directed by William Wyler Shown from left: Walter Huston, Mary Astor

Mary Astor and Walter Huston in Dodsworth (1936)

Mid-career

Ultimately, the scandals caused no harm to Astor’s career, which was actually revitalized because of the custody fight and the wide publicity it generated; Dodsworth (1936), with Walter Huston, was released to rave reviews, and the public’s acceptance assured the studios that she remained a viable commercial property.

In 1937, she returned to the stage in well-received productions of Noël Coward‘s Tonight at 8:30The Astonished Heart, and Still Life. She also began performing regularly on radio.

Some of her best movies were yet to come, including The Prisoner of Zenda (1937), John Ford‘s The Hurricane (1937), Midnight (1939) and Brigham Young (1940).

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The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)  Dir: John Cromwell  

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Mary Astor in The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)

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Mary Astor and Raymond Massey n The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)

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Mary Astor and Ronald Colman in The Prisoner of Zenda (1937)

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The Hurricane (1937)  Dir: John Ford – Poster

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C Aubrey Smith and Mary Astor in The Hurricane (1937)

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Raymond Massay and Mary Astor in The Hurricane (1937)

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Brigham Young: Frontiersman (1940)  Dir: Henry Hathaway 

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Mary Astor in Brigham Young: Frontiersman (1940) 

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Midnight (1939)  Dir: Mitchell Leisen

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Mary Astor and John Barrymore in Midnight (1939)

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Claudette Colbert, Francis Lederer, Mary Astor and John Barrymore in Midnight (1939)

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Francis Lederer and Mary Astor in Midnight (1939)

In John Huston‘s The Maltese Falcon (1941), Astor played scheming temptress Brigid O’Shaughnessy. The film also starred Humphrey Bogart and featured Peter Lorre and Sydney Greenstreet. This was to become her most memorable role.

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The Maltese Falcon (1941)  Dir: John Huston

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Humphrey Bogart and Mary Astor in The Maltese Falcon (1941) 

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John Huston, Peter Lorre, Mary Astor and Humphrey Bogart – publicity shot for The Maltese Falcon (1941) 

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Mary Astor and Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon (1941) 

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Mary Astor and Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon (1941) 

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Medium shot of Mary Astor as Bridgid O’Shaughnessy/Miss. Wonderly/Miss. LaBlanc and Humphrey Bogart as Sam Spade, who wears hat/fedora.

Mary Astor and Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon (1941) 

Another noteworthy performance was her Oscar-winning role as Sandra Kovak, the selfish, self-centered concert pianist, who willingly gives up her child, in The Great Lie (1941). George Brent played her intermittent love interest, but the film’s star was Bette Davis.

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The Great Lie (1941)  Dir: Edmund Goulding

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Bette Davis and Mary Astor in  The Great Lie (1941)  

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Mary Astor in The Great Lie (1941)  

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Bette Davis and Mary Astor in  The Great Lie (1941)  

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Mary Astor in The Great Lie (1941)

Davis wanted Astor cast in the role after watching her screen test and seeing her play Tchaikovsky‘s Piano Concerto No. 1. She then recruited Astor to collaborate on rewriting the script, which Davis felt was mediocre and needed work to make it more interesting. Astor further followed Davis’s advice and sported a brazenly bobbed hairdo for the role.

The soundtrack of the movie in the scenes where she plays the concerto, with violent hand movements on the piano keyboard, was dubbed by pianist Max Rabinovitch. Davis deliberately stepped back to allow Astor to shine in her key scenes. As a result of her performance, Astor won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, thanking Bette Davis and Tchaikovsky in her acceptance speech. Astor and Davis became good friends.

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Bette Davis and Mary Astor in  The Great Lie (1941)  

Astor was not propelled into the upper echelon of movie stars by these successes, however.

She always declined offers of starring in her own right. Not wanting the responsibility of top billing and having to “carry the picture,” she preferred the security of being a featured player.

In 1942, she reunited with Humphrey Bogart and Sydney Greenstreet in John Huston‘s Across the Pacific.

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Across the Pacific (1942)  Dir: John Huston

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Humphrey Bogart and Mary Astor in Across the Pacific (1942)  

Though usually cast in dramatic or melodramatic roles, Astor showed a flair for comedy as The Princess Centimillia in the Preston Sturges film, The Palm Beach Story (1942) for Paramount.

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The Palm Beach Story (1942)  Dir: Preston Sturges 

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Mary Astor in The Palm Beach Story (1942)  

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Mary Astor and Joel McCrea in The Palm Beach Story (1942)  

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Mary Astor, Claudette Colbert and Rudy Vallee in The Palm Beach Story (1942)  

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Joel McCrea, Mary Astor, Claudette Colbert an Rudy Vallee in The Palm Beach Story (1942)   

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Joel McCrea, Mary Astor, Claudette Colbert an Rudy Vallee in The Palm Beach Story (1942)   

In February 1943, Astor’s father, Otto Langhanke, died in Cedars of Lebanon Hospital as a result of a heart attack complicated by influenza. His wife and daughter were at his bedside.

That same year, Astor signed a seven-year contract with MGM, a regrettable mistake.

She was kept busy playing what she considered mediocre roles she called “Mothers for Metro.”

After Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), the studio allowed her to debut on Broadway in Many Happy Returns (1945). The play was a failure, but Astor received good reviews. On loan-out to 20th Century Fox, she played a wealthy widow in Claudia and David (1946).

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Meet Me in St Louis (1944)  Dir: Vincente Minelli

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Tom Drake, Mary Astor and Leon Ames in Meet Me in St Louis (1944)  

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Mary Astor and Margaret O’Brien in Meet Me in St Louis (1944)  

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Lucille Bremer, Mary Astor and Judy Garland in Meet Me in St Louis (1944) 

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Mary Astor on the set of Meet Me in St Louis (1944)  

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Claudia and David (1946)  Dir: Walter Lang

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Mary Astor in Claudia and David (1946)  

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Mary Astor and Dorothy McGuire in Claudia and David (1946)  

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Mary Astor and Robert Taylor in Claudia and David (1946)  

She was also loaned to Paramount to play Fritzi Haller in Desert Fury (1947) playing the tough owner of a saloon and casino in a small mining town.

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Desert Fury (1947)  Dir: Lewis Allen

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Lisabeth Scott and Mary Astor in Desert Fury (1947) 

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Burt Lancaster, Lisbeth Scott, John Hodiak and Mary Astor in Desert Fury (1947)  

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Lisbeth Scott, John Hodiak and Mary Astor in Desert Fury (1947)  

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Mary Astor in Desert Fury (1947)  

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Burt Lancaster, Mary Astor and Lisbeth Scott in Desert Fury (1947)  

Before Helen Langhanke died of a heart ailment in January 1947, Astor said she sat in the hospital room with her mother, who was delirious and did not know her, and listened quietly as Helen told her all about terrible, selfish Lucile.

After her death, Astor said she spent countless hours copying her mother’s diary so she could read it and was surprised to learn how much she was hated. Back at MGM, Astor continued being cast in undistinguished, colorless mother roles. One exception was when she played a prostitute in the film noir Act of Violence (1948).

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Act of Violence (1948)  Dir: Fred Zinnemann

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Van Heflin and Mary Astor in Act of Violence (1948) 

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Act of Violence (1948)  Lobby Card

Act of Violence  - 1948
Editorial use only. No book cover usage. Mandatory Credit: Photo by Moviestore/Shutterstock (2389494a) ACT OF VIOLENCE (1948) Mary Astor, Van Heflin Act of Violence – 1948
Act Of Violence - 1948
Editorial use only. No book cover usage. Mandatory Credit: Photo by Mgm/Kobal/Shutterstock (5876856a) Mary Astor, Van Heflin Act Of Violence – 1948 Director: Fred Zinnemann MGM USA Scene Still Acte de violence

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Mary Astor and Berry Kroeger in Act of Violence (1948) 

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Act of Violence (1948)  Dir: Fred Zinnemann

The last straw came when she was cast as Marmee March in Little Women (1949).

She later described her disappointment with her cast members and the shoot in her memoir My Story: An Autobiography: “The girls all giggled and chattered and made a game of every scene. Taylor was engaged, and in love, and talking on the telephone most of the time (which is fine normally, but not when the production clock is ticking away the company’s money). June Allyson chewed gum constantly and irritatingly, and Maggie O’Brien looked at me as though she were planning something very unpleasant.”

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Little Women (1949)  Dir: Mervyn LeRoy

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Mary Astor in Little Women (1949)  

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Margaret O’Brien, Janet Leigh, Mary Astor, June Alyson and Elisabeth Taylor in Little Women (1949)  

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June Alyson and Mary Astor in Little Women (1949) 

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June Alyson and Mary Astor in Little Women (1949) 

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Margaret O’Brien, Janet Leigh, Mary Astor, June Alyson and Elisabeth Taylor in Little Women (1949)  

Astor found no redemption in playing what she considered another humdrum mother and grew despondent. The studio wanted to renew her contract, promising better roles, but she declined the offer.

Middle years

At the same time, Astor’s drinking was growing troublesome. She admitted to alcoholism as far back as the 1930s, but it had never interfered with her work schedule or performance. She hit bottom in 1949 and went into a sanitarium for alcoholics.

In 1951, she made a frantic call to her doctor and said that she had taken too many sleeping pills. She was taken to a hospital and the police reported that she had attempted suicide, this being her third overdose in two years, and the story made headline news. She maintained it had been an accident.

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Mary Astor and Sandra Dee in Stranger in My Arms (1959)

That same year, she joined Alcoholics Anonymous and converted to Roman Catholicism. She credited her recovery to a priest, Peter Ciklic, also a practicing psychologist, who encouraged her to write about her experiences as part of therapy. She also separated from her fourth husband, Thomas Wheelock (a stockbroker she married on Christmas Day 1945), but did not actually divorce him until 1955.

In 1952, she was cast in the leading role of the stage play The Time of the Cuckoo, which was later made into the movie Summertime (1955), and subsequently toured with it. After the tour, Astor lived in New York for four years and worked in the theater and on television.

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Her TV debut was in The Missing Years (1954) for Kraft Television Theatre. She acted frequently in TV during the ensuing years and appeared on many big shows of the time, including The United States Steel HourAlfred Hitchcock PresentsRawhideDr. KildareBurke’s Law, and Ben Casey.

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Mary Astor and Doro Merande in Alfred Hitchcock Presents – Episode: Mrs Herman and Mrs Fenimore (1958)

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Mary Astor in Alfred Hitchcock Presents – Episode: Mrs Herman and Mrs Fenimore (1958)

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Mary Astor and Franchot Tone in Alfred Hitchcock Presents – Episode: The Impossible Dream (1959)

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Mary Astor in Dr Kildare “Operation Lazarus” (Season 1 Episode 33)

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Mary Astor in Rawhide – Episode: Incident Near the Promised Land (1961)

In 1954, she appeared in the episode “Fearful Hour” of the Gary Merrill NBC series Justice in the role of a desperately poor and aging film star who attempts suicide to avoid exposure as a thief. She also played an ex-film star on the Boris Karloff-hosted Thriller, in an episode titled “Rose’s Last Summer.”

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Mary Astor signed still from Thriler – Episode: Rose’s Last Summer (1960)

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Mary Astor in Thriler – Episode: Rose’s Last Summer (1960)

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Mary Astor signed still from Thriler – Episode: Rose’s Last Summer (1960)

She starred on Broadway again in The Starcross Story (1954), another failure and returned to Southern California in 1956. She then went on a successful theatre tour of Don Juan in Hell directed by Agnes Moorehead and co-starring Ricardo Montalban.

Astor’s memoirMy Story: An Autobiography, was published in 1959, becoming a sensation in its day and a bestseller. It was the result of Father Ciklic urging her to write. Though she spoke of her troubled personal life, her parents, her marriages, the scandals, her battle with alcoholism, and other areas of her life, she did not mention the movie industry or her career in detail.

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Mary Astor autobiography – My Story: An Autobiography (1959)

In 1971, a second book was published, A Life on Film, where she discussed her career. It too became a bestseller. Astor also tried her hand at fiction, writing the novels The Incredible Charley Carewe (1960), The Image of Kate (1962), which was published in 1964 in a German translation as Jahre und TageThe O’Conners (1964), Goodbye, Darling, be Happy (1965), and A Place Called Saturday (1968).

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Mary Astor – My Life on Film (1971)

She appeared in several movies during this time, including A Stranger in My Arms (1959). She made a comeback in Return to Peyton Place (1961) playing Roberta Carter, the domineering mother who insists the “shocking” novel written by Allison Mackenzie should be banned from the school library, and received good reviews for her performance. According to film scholar Gavin Lambert, Astor invented memorable bits of business in her last scene of that film, where Roberta’s vindictive motives are exposed.

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Mary Astor in Return to Peyton Place (1961)

Final years and death

After a trip around the world in 1964, Astor was lured away from her Malibu, California home, where she was gardening and working on her third novel, to make what she decided would be her final film.

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Hush, Hush Sweet Charlotte (1964)

She was offered the small role as a key figure, Jewel Mayhew, in the murder mystery Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte, starring her friend Bette Davis. She filmed her final scene with Cecil Kellaway at Oak Alley Plantation in southern Louisiana. In A Life on Film, she described her character as “a little old lady, waiting to die.” Astor decided it would serve as her swan song in the movie business. After 109 movies in a career spanning 45 years, she turned in her Screen Actors Guild card and retired.

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Olivia De Havilland, Mary Astor and William Walker in  Hush, Hush Sweet Charlotte (1964)

Astor later moved to Fountain Valley, California, where she lived near her son, Tono del Campo (from her third marriage to Mexican film editor Manuel del Campo), and his family, until 1971.

That same year, suffering from a chronic heart condition, she moved to a small cottage on the grounds of the Motion Picture & Television Country House, the industry’s retirement facility in Woodland Hills, California, where she had a private table when she chose to eat in the resident dining room.

She appeared in the television documentary series Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film (1980), produced by Kevin Brownlow, in which she discussed her roles during the silent film period. After years of retirement she had been urged to appear in Brownlow’s documentary by a former sister-in-law Bessie Love who also appeared in the series.

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Astor died on September 25, 1987, at age 81, of respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema while in the hospital at the Motion Picture House complex.

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Grave of Mary Astor at Holy Cross Cemetery

She is interred in Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Astor has a star for motion pictures on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6701 Hollywood Boulevard.

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She has been quoted as saying, “There are five stages in the life of an actor: who’s Mary Astor? Get me Mary Astor. Get me a Mary Astor type. Get me a young Mary Astor. Who’s Mary Astor?” Several other actors, among them Jack Elam and Ricardo Montalban, have been quoted as saying this.

Radio appearances

Year Program Episode/source
1941 Gulf Screen Guild Theatre No Time for Comedy[17]

Bibliography

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References

  1. Jump up to:a b Thomas, Bob (September 26, 1987). “‘Maltese Falcon’ star Astor dies at 81”. Kansas, Salina. The Salina Journal. p. 8. Retrieved February 20, 2016 – via Newspapers.com. open access publication – free to read
  2. Jump up to:a b c d “Mary Astor Not Actress by Accident; Career Planned”. Montana, Butte. The Montana Standard. August 24, 1936. p. 5. Retrieved February 20, 2016 – via Newspapers.com. open access publication – free to read
  3. Jump up^ Lindsay Anderson “Mary Astor”, Sight and Sound, Autumn 1990, reprinted in Paul Ryan (ed) Never Apologise: The Collected Writings, 2004, London: Plexus, pp. 431–36, 431
  4. Jump up^ Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent
  5. Jump up^ [1]
  6. Jump up to:a b c “Mary Astor Dies at 81 – A ‘Maltese Falcon’ Star”. Los Angeles Times. (September 26, 1987) Accessed on August 14, 2007.
  7. Jump up^ Mary Astor, 81, Is Dead; Star of ‘Maltese Falcon’
  8. Jump up to:a b Mary Astor Profile
  9. Jump up^ Trivia – Mary Astor scandal
  10. Jump up^ Mary Astor, “A Life on Film”, Dell Publishing 1967, New York pp. 125–127
  11. Jump up^ Sorel, Edward (September 14, 2016). “Inside the Trial of Actress Mary Astor, Old Hollywood’s Juiciest Sex ScandalVanity Fair, September 2016, retrieved December 6, 2016.
  12. Jump up^ Justice. The Classic TV Archive. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
  13. Jump up^ Brownlow, Kevin; Gill, David (1980). Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film. (video). Thames Video Production.
  14. Jump up^ Mary Astor at Find a Grave
  15. Jump up^ “Walk of Fame Stars, Mary Astor”walkoffame.com. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved December 1,2016.
  16. Jump up^ Astor, Mary. A Life on FilmDell Publishing Company, 1969
  17. Jump up^ “Abel, Walter”radioGOLDINdex. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  18. Jump up^ “Woody Allen Reviews a Graphic Tale of a Scandalous Starlet” by Woody AllenThe New York Times, December 22, 2016

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External links

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Joan Blondell


Joan Blondell 3

Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 – December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for half a century.

After winning a beauty pageant, Blondell embarked upon a film career. Establishing herself as a sexy, wisecracking blonde, she was a Pre-Code staple of Warner Bros. pictures and appeared in more than 100 movies and television productions. She was most active in films during the 1930s, and during this time, she co-starred with Glenda Farrell in nine films, in which the duo portrayed gold-diggers. Blondell continued acting in major film roles for the rest of her life, often in small character roles or supporting television roles. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in The Blue Veil (1951).

Blondell was seen in featured roles in two films — Grease (1978) and The Champ (1979) — released shortly before her death from leukemia.

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Early life

Rose Joan Blondell was born in New York to a vaudeville family; she gave her birthdate as August 30, 1909. Her father, Levi Bluestein, a vaudeville comedian known as Ed Blondell, was born in Poland to a Jewish family in 1866.

He toured for many years starring in Blondell and Fennessy’s stage version of The Katzenjammer Kids. Blondell’s mother was Catherine (known as “Kathryn” or “Katie”) Caine, born in BrooklynKings County, New York (later Brooklyn, New York City) on April 13, 1884, to Irish-American parents. Joan’s younger sister, Gloria Blondell, also an actress, was briefly married to film producer Albert R. Broccoli. The Blondell sisters had a brother, Ed Blondell, Jr.

Joan’s cradle was a property trunk as her parents moved from place to place and she made her first appearance on stage at the age of four months when she was carried on in a cradle as the daughter of Peggy Astaire in The Greatest Love. Her family comprised a vaudeville troupe, the “Bouncing Blondells”.

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Joan had spent a year in Honolulu (1914–15) and six years in Australia and had seen much of the world by the time her family, who had been on tour, settled in DallasTexas, when she was a teenager.

Under the name Rosebud Blondell, she won the 1926 Miss Dallas pageant, was a finalist in an early version of the Miss Universe pageant in May 1926, and placed fourth for Miss America 1926 in Atlantic CityNew Jersey, in September of that same year.

She attended Santa Monica High School, where she acted in school plays and worked as an editor on the yearbook staff. While there (and after high school), she gave her name as Rosebud Blondell, such as when she attended North Texas State Teacher’s College (1926–1927), now the University of North Texas in Denton, where her mother was a local stage actress.

Career

 

Around 1927, she returned to New York, worked as a fashion model, a circus hand, a clerk in a store, joined a stock company to become an actress, and performed on Broadway.

In 1927, the actress made her Broadway debut with a small role in “The Trial of Mary Dugan.” 

In 1930, she starred with James Cagney in her third play, Penny Arcade on Broadway. Penny Arcade lasted only three weeks, but Al Jolson saw it and bought the rights to the play for $20,000. He then sold the rights to Warner Bros., with the proviso that Blondell and Cagney be cast in the film version, then renamed Sinners’ Holiday (1930).

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Penny Arcade (1930)

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Sinner’s Holiday (1930)

Placed under contract by Warner Bros., she moved to Hollywood, where studio boss Jack L. Warner wanted her to change her name to “Inez Holmes”, but Blondell refused. She began to appear in short subjects and was named as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1931.

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1931 WAMPAS Baby Stars- L to R - Mae Madison, Evelyn Knapp, Marian Marsh, Polly Waters, Joan Blondell, Lilian Bond

Wampas Baby Stars  (1931)

Blondell was paired several more times with James Cagney in films, including The Public Enemy (1931), and she was one-half of a gold-digging duo with Glenda Farrell in nine films.

During the Great Depression, Blondell was one of the highest-paid individuals in the United States. Her stirring rendition of “Remember My Forgotten Man” in the Busby Berkeley production of Gold Diggers of 1933, in which she co-starred with Dick Powell and Ruby Keeler, became an anthem for the frustrations of unemployed people and the government’s failed economic policies.

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The Public Enemy (1931)

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Gold Diggers of 1933

In the years that folowed, Joan Blondell made almost 50 films, with  1930s being the most productive period of her career. Some of the most successful included Night Nurse (1931),  The Greeks had a Word for Them (1932), The Crowd Roars (1932), Three on a Match (1932), Footlight Parade (1933), We’re in the Money (1935), Bullets or Ballots (1936), Three Men on a Horse (1936),  and Stand‐In (1937).

In most of these films she appeared as the wisecracking working girl who was the lead’s best friend. In gangster films and musicals she was mostly the second lead.

Often cast opposite the era’s leading male stars, she appeared  frequently opposite Mr. Cagney (seven times) and Dick Powell (also seven times)

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Night Nurse (1931)

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The Greeks had a Word for Them (1932)

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The Crowd Roars (1932)

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Three on a Match (1932)

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Footlight Parade (1933)

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We’re in the Money (1935)

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Bullets or Ballots (1936)

In 1937, she starred opposite Errol Flynn in The Perfect Specimen. By the end of the decade, she had made nearly 50 films. She left Warner Bros. in 1939.

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Perfect-Specimenps2

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Perfect SpecimenFlynn

The Perfect Specimen (1937)

In 1943, Blondell returned to Broadway as the star of Mike Todd’s short-lived production of The Naked Genius, a comedy written by Gypsy Rose Lee.

She was well received in her later films, despite being relegated to character and supporting roles after 1945, when she was billed below the title for the first time in 14 years in Adventure, which starred Clark Gable and Greer Garson.

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The Naked Genius (1943)

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Adventure (1945)

She was also featured prominently in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945) and Nightmare Alley (1947).

In 1948, she left the screen for three years and concentrated on theater, performing in summer stock and touring with Cole Porter‘s musical, Something for the Boys. She later reprised her role of Aunt Sissy in the musical version of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn for the national tour, starred opposite Tallulah Bankhead in the play Crazy October (which closed on the road) and played the nagging mother, Mae Peterson, in the national tour of Bye Bye Birdie.

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A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)

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Nightmare Alley (1947)

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Crazy October (1948) with Tallullah Bankhead and Estelle Winwood

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Bye Bye Birdie (1949)

Blondell returned to Hollywood in 1950. Her performance in her next film, The Blue Veil (1951), earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.  She played supporting roles in The Opposite Sex (1956), Desk Set (1957), and Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957).

She received considerable acclaim for her performance as Lady Fingers in Norman Jewison‘s The Cincinnati Kid (1965), garnering a Golden Globe nomination and National Board of Review win for Best Supporting Actress. John Cassavetes cast her as a cynical, aging playwright in his film Opening Night (1977).

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The Blue Veil (1951)

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OPPOSITE SEX, THE

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The Opposite Sex (1956)

Blondell was widely seen in two films released not long before her death – Grease (1978), and the remake of The Champ (1979) with Jon Voight and Rick Schroder. She also appeared in two films released after her death – The Glove (1979), and The Woman Inside (1981).

 

Blondell also guest-starred in various television programs, including three 1963 episodes as the character Aunt Win in the CBS sitcom The Real McCoys, starring Walter Brennan and Richard Crenna.

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Grease (1978)

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THE CHAMP, Joan Blondell, 1979, (c) MGM

The Champ (1979)

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The Glove (1979)

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The Woman Inside (1981)

Also in 1963, Blondell was cast as the widowed Lucy Tutaine in the episode, “The Train and Lucy Tutaine”, on the syndicated anthology seriesDeath Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews. In the story line, Lucy sues a railroad company, against great odds, for causing the death of her cow. Noah Beery Jr., was cast as Abel.

In 1964, she appeared in the episode “What’s in the Box?” of The Twilight Zone. She guest-starred in the episode “You’re All Right, Ivy” on Jack Palance‘s circus drama, The Greatest Show on Earth, which aired on ABC in the 1963–64 television season. Her co-stars in the segment were Joe E. Brown and Buster Keaton.

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What is in the Box – Twilight Zone (1964)

In 1965, she was in the running to replace Vivian Vance as Lucille Ball’s sidekick on the hit CBS television comedy series The Lucy Show. Unfortunately, after filming her second guest appearance as Joan Brenner (Lucy’s new friend from California), Blondell walked off the set right after the episode had completed filming when Ball humiliated her by harshly criticizing her performance in front of the studio audience and technicians.

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The Lucy Show (1965)

Blondell continued working on television. In 1968, she guest-starred on the CBS sitcom Family Affair, starring Brian Keith. She replaced Bea Benaderet, who was ill, for one episode on the CBS series Petticoat Junction. In that installment, Blondell played FloraBelle Campbell, a lady visitor to Hooterville, who had once dated Uncle Joe (Edgar Buchanan) and Sam Drucker (Frank Cady).

That same year, Blondell co-starred in all 52 episodes of the ABC Western series Here Come the Brides, set in the Pacific Northwest of the 19th century. Her co-stars included singer Bobby Sherman and actor-singer David Soul. Blondell received two consecutive Emmy nominations for outstanding continued performance by an actress in a dramatic series for her role as Lottie Hatfield.

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Here Come the Brides (1968)

In 1971, she followed Sada Thompson in the off-Broadway hit The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, with a young Swoosie Kurtz playing one of her daughters.

 

In 1972, she had an ongoing supporting role in the NBC series Banyon as Peggy Revere, who operated a secretarial school in the same building as Banyon’s detective agency. This was a 1930s period action drama starring Robert Forster in the title role. Her students worked in Banyon’s office, providing fresh faces for the show weekly. The series was replaced midseason.

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Banyon (1972)

In 1974, Blondell played the wife of Tom D’Andrea‘s character in the television film, Bobby Parker and Company, with Ted Bessell in the starring role as the son of Blondell and D’Andrea. Coincidentally, D’Andrea had earlier played Jim Gillis, the television husband of Blondell’s younger sister, Gloria Blondell, in the NBC sitcom The Life of Riley.

Blondell has a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the film industry. Her star is located at 6311 Hollywood Boulevard. In December 2007, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City mounted a retrospective of Blondell’s films in connection with a new biography by film professor Matthew Kennedy, and theatrical revival houses such as Film Forum in Manhattan have also projected many of her films recently.

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She wrote a novel titled Center Door Fancy (New York: Delacorte Press, 1972), which was a thinly disguised autobiography with veiled references to June Allyson and Dick Powell.

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Center Door Fancy – Joan Blondell Novel (1972)

Personal life

Joan Blondell
circa 1934: Joan Blondell (1903 – 1979), the Hollywood actress signed by Warner Brothers and First National. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

 

Blondell was married three times, first to cinematographer George Barnes in a private wedding ceremony on January 4, 1933, at the First Presbyterian Church in PhoenixArizona. They had one child, Norman Scott Barnes, who became an accomplished producer, director, and television executive known as Norman Powell. Joan and George divorced in 1936.

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Joan Blondell and George Barnes

On September 19, 1936, she married her second husband Dick Powell, an actor, director, and singer. They had a daughter, Ellen Powell, who became a studio hair stylist, and Powell adopted her son by her previous marriage under the name Norman Scott Powell. Blondell and Powell were divorced on July 14, 1944. Blondell was less than friendly with Powell’s next wife, June Allyson, although the two women would later appear together in The Opposite Sex (1956).

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Joan Blondell and Dick Powell

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Dick Powell, Ellen Powell and Joan Blondell
 
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Joan Blondell and Dick Powell in Stage Struck (1936)

On July 5, 1947, Blondell married her third husband, producer Mike Todd, whom she divorced in 1950. Her marriage to Todd was an emotional and financial disaster.

She once accused him of holding her outside a hotel window by her ankles. He was also a heavy spender who lost hundreds of thousands of dollars gambling (high-stakes bridge was one of his weaknesses) and went through a controversial bankruptcy during their marriage.

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Joan Blondell and Mike Todd

An often-repeated myth is that Mike Todd left Blondell for Elizabeth Taylor, when in fact, she had left Todd of her own accord years before he met Taylor.

Death

Blondell died of leukemia in Santa Monica, California, on Christmas Day, 1979, with her children and her sister at her bedside. She is interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

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Joan Blondell Plate, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetary, Glendale, California

Filmography

Feature films

Year Title Role Notes
1930 The Office Wife Katherine Mudcock [19]
1930 Sinners’ Holiday Myrtle [19]
1931 Other Men’s Women Marie [19]
1931 Millie Angie Wickerstaff [19]
1931 Illicit Helen Dukie Childers [19]
1931 God’s Gift to Women Fifi [19]
1931 The Public Enemy Mamie [19]
1931 My Past Marian Moore [19]
1931 Big Business Girl Pearl [19]
1931 Night Nurse Maloney [19]
1931 The Reckless Hour Myrtle Nichols [19]
1931 Blonde Crazy Ann Roberts [19]
1932 Union Depot Ruth Collins [19]
1932 The Greeks Had a Word for Them Schatze Citroux [19]
1932 The Crowd Roars Anne Scott [19]
1932 The Famous Ferguson Case Maizie Dickson [19]
1932 Make Me a Star Flips Montague [19]
1932 Miss Pinkerton Miss Adams [19]
1932 Big City Blues Vida Fleet [19]
1932 Three on a Match Mary Keaton [19]
1932 Central Park Dot [19]
1933 Lawyer Man Olga Michaels [19]
1933 Broadway Bad Tony Landers [19]
1933 Blondie Johnson Blondie Johnson [19]
1933 Gold Diggers of 1933 Carol King [19]
1933 Goodbye Again Anne Rogers [19]
1933 Footlight Parade Nan Prescott [19]
1933 Havana Widows Mae Knight [19]
1933 Convention City Nancy Lorraine Lost film[19]
1934 I’ve Got Your Number Marie Lawson [19]
1934 He Was Her Man Rose Lawrence [19]
1934 Smarty Vickie Wallace [19]
1934 Dames Mabel Anderson [19]
1934 Kansas City Princess Rosie Sturges [19]
1935 Traveling Saleslady Angela Twitchell [19]
1935 Broadway Gondolier Alice Hughes [19]
1935 We’re in the Money Ginger Stewart [19]
1935 Miss Pacific Fleet Gloria Fay [19]
1936 Colleen Minnie Hawkins [19]
1936 Sons o’ Guns Yvonne [19]
1936 Bullets or Ballots Lee Morgan [19]
1936 Stage Struck Peggy Revere [19]
1936 Three Men on a Horse Mabel [19]
1936 Gold Diggers of 1937 Norma Perry [19]
1937 The King and the Chorus Girl Dorothy Ellis [19]
1937 Back in Circulation Timmy Blake [19]
1937 The Perfect Specimen Mona Carter [19]
1937 Stand-In Lester Plum [19]
1938 There’s Always a Woman Sally Reardon [19]
1939 Off the Record Jane Morgan [19]
1939 East Side of Heaven Mary Wilson [19]
1939 The Kid from Kokomo Doris Harvey [19]
1939 Good Girls Go to Paris Jenny Swanson [19]
1939 The Amazing Mr. Williams Maxine Carroll [19]
1940 Two Girls on Broadway Molly Mahoney [19]
1940 I Want a Divorce Geraldine Brokaw [19]
1941 Topper Returns Gail Richards [19]
1941 Model Wife Joan Keathing Chambers [19]
1941 Three Girls About Town Hope Banner [19]
1942 Lady for a Night Jenny Blake [19]
1942 Cry ‘Havoc’ Grace Lambert [19]
1945 A Tree Grows In Brooklyn Aunt Sissy [19]
1945 Don Juan Quilligan Margie Mossrock [19]
1945 Adventure Helen Melohn [19]
1947 The Corpse Came C.O.D. Rosemary Durant [19]
1947 Nightmare Alley Zeena [19]
1947 Christmas Eve Ann Nelson [19]
1950 For Heaven’s Sake Daphne [19]
1951 The Blue Veil Annie Rawlins Nominated—Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress[19]
1956 The Opposite Sex Edith Potter [19]
1957 Lizzie Aunt Morgan [19]
1957 Desk Set Peg Costello [19]
1957 This Could Be the Night Crystal [19]
1957 Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? Violet [19]
1961 Angel Baby Mollie Hays [19]
1964 Advance to the Rear Easy Jenny [19]
1965 The Cincinnati Kid Lady Fingers National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture[19]
1966 Ride Beyond Vengeance Mrs. Lavender [19]
1967 Waterhole #3 Lavinia [19]
1967 Winchester ’73 Larouge TV movie
1967 The Spy in the Green Hat Mrs. “Fingers” Steletto  
1968 Stay Away, Joe Glenda Callahan [19]
1968 Kona Coast Kittibelle Lightfoot [19]
1969 Big Daddy   [19]
1970 The Phynx Ruby [19]
1971 Support Your Local Gunfighter! Jenny [19]
1975 The Dead Don’t Die Levinia TV movie
1976 Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood Landlady [19]
1976 Death at Love House Marcella Geffenhart  
1977 The Baron    
1977 Opening Night Sarah Goode Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture[19]
1978 Grease Vi [19]
1979 Battered Edna Thompson NBC TV movie
1979 The Champ Dolly Kenyon [19]
1979 The Glove Mrs. Fitzgerald  
1981 Feud Aunt Coll  

Short films

Year Title Notes
1929 Broadway’s Like That Vitaphone Varieties release 960 (December 1929)
Cast: Ruth EttingHumphrey BogartMary Philips[20]:50
1930 The Devil’s Parade Vitaphone Varieties release 992 (February 1930)
Cast: Sidney Toler[20]:52
1930 The Heart Breaker Vitaphone Varieties release 1012–1013 (March 1930)
Cast: Eddie Foy, Jr.[20]:53
1930 An Intimate Dinner in Celebration of Warner Bros. Silver Jubilee  
1931 How I Play Golf, number 10, “Trouble Shots” Vitaphone release 4801
Cast: Bobby JonesJoe E. BrownEdward G. RobinsonDouglas Fairbanks, Jr.[20]:226
1933 Just Around the Corner  
1934 Hollywood Newsreel  
1941 Meet the Stars #2: Baby Stars  
1965 The Cincinnati Kid Plays According to Hoyle  

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1961 The Untouchables Hannah ‘Lucy’ Wagnall Episode: “The Underground Court”
1963 The Virginian Rosanna Dobie Episode: “To Make This Place Remember”
1963 Wagon Train Ma Bleecker Episode: “The Bleecker Story”
1964 The Twilight Zone Phyllis Britt Episode: “What’s in the Box”
1964 Bonanza Lillian Manfred Episode: “The Pressure Game”
1965 Petticoat Junction season 5 episode 22 Florabelle Campbell
1965 My Three Sons Harriet Blanchard Episode: “Office Mother”
1968–70 Here Come the Brides Lottie Hatfield 52 episodes[21][22]
Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series (1969–70)
1971 McCloud – ″Top of the World, Ma!″ Ernestine White Episode: “Top of the World, Ma”
1972–73 Banyon Peggy Revere 8 episodes
1979 The Rebels Mrs. Brumple TV movie

Radio broadcasts

Year Program Episode/source
1946 Hollywood Star Time The Lady Eve[23]

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References

  1. ^ Obituary Variety, December 26, 1979.
  2. Jump up to:a b c d e “Joan Blondell, Actress, Dies at 70; Often Played Wisecracking Blonde”The New York Times. December 26, 1979. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  3. ^ “[Unknown]”The Republic. Columbus, Indiana. October 7, 1971. p. 26. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. The Katzenjammer Kids will be presented in Franklin this evening, the company having passed through here this morning on the way to that place. “Eddie Blondell’s true name is Levi Bluestein, and he was a resident of Columbus many years ago, living with his father at the foot of Washington street
  4. ^ “[Unknown]”The Republic. Columbus, Indiana. January 29, 1906. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. No allowance was made for alimony, but Mrs. Blondell seemed to be satisfied. The Blondells, who in private life were Mr. and Mrs. Levi Bluestein, have been annoyed by a case of incompatibility of temper for a long time. They were formerly a member of Katzenjammer Kids’ company….
  5. ^ “Blondell and Fennessy’s hurricane of fun and frolic, The Katzenjammer Kids”loc.gov. United States Library of Congress. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  6. ^ “[Unknown]”Variety. November 1916. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Rowland & Clifford, a western producing firm, have also a production in preparation under the title of ‘The Katzenjammer Kids’, securing the rights from Blondell & Fennessy. Both shows are scheduled to play over the International, with the Hill production to be ready by Jan. 1.
  7. Jump up to:a b c d Kennedy, Matthew (September 28, 2009). “Joan Blondell: A Life Between Takes”University Press of MississippiISBN 9781628461817 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ “Grave Spotlight – Joan Blondell”cemeteryguide.comArchived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  9. ^ Rathbun, Joe (December 10, 1944). “Joe’s Radio Parade”. Sunday Times Signal. p. 23. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  10. ^ Punahou School Alumni Directory, 1841–1991. White Plains, New York: Harris Publishing Company, 1991.
  11. ^ Santa Monica High School Yearbook, 1925
  12. ^ “Page 68”The Yucca. North Texas State Teacher’s College. 1927. Retrieved December 2, 2019 – via texashistory.com.
  13. ^ “Lights! Camera! University of North Texas!: Joan Blondell (1906 – 1979)”library.unt.edu. University of North Texas. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  14. ^ Joan Blondell at the Internet Broadway Database
  15. ^ “The Train and Lucy Tutaine on Death Valley Days. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  16. ^ “Joan Blondell”iobdb.com.
  17. ^ “Hollywood Walk of Fame – Joan Blondell”walkoffame.com. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  18. ^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3rd ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7864-7992-4. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  19. Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao apaq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bubv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj “Joan Blondell”AFI Catalog of Feature FilmsAmerican Film Institute. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  20. Jump up to:a b c d Liebman, Roy (2003). Vitaphone Films: A Catalogue of the Features and Shorts. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0786446971.
  21. ^ Here Come the Brides – ‘The Complete 2nd Season’: Shout!’s Street Date, Cost, Packaging Archived November 12, 2011, at the Wayback MachineTVShowsonDVD.com November 7, 2001
  22. ^ Here Come the Brides – Official Press Release, Plus Rear Box Art & Revised Front Art Archived November 14, 2011, at the Wayback MachineTVShowsonDVD.com March 7, 2006
  23. ^ “Joan Blondell In ‘Lady Eve’ On WHP ‘Star Time. Harrisburg Telegraph. September 21, 1946. p. 17. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. open access

Further reading

  • Oderman, Stuart. Talking to the Piano Player 2. BearManor Media, 2009. ISBN 1-59393-320-7
  • Grabman, Sandra. Plain Beautiful: The Life of Peggy Ann Garner. BearManor Media, 2005. ISBN 1-59393-017-8

External links

Kay Francis


 

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Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Kay Francis (January 13, 1905 – August 26, 1968) was an American stage and film actress. After a brief period on Broadway in the late 1920s, she moved to film and achieved her greatest success between 1930 and 1936, when she was the number one female star at the Warner Brothers studio and the highest-paid American film actress. Some of her film-related material and personal papers are available to scholars and researchers in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives.

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Early life

Francis was born Katherine Edwina Gibbs in Oklahoma CityOklahoma in 1905. Her parents, Joseph Sprague Gibbs and his actress wife Katharine Clinton Francis, had been married in 1903; however, by the time their daughter was four, Joseph had left the family. Francis inherited her unusual height from her father, who stood 6 feet 4 inches, she was to become Hollywood’s tallest leading lady (5 ft 9 in) in the 1930s.

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Young Kay Francis

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While she never discouraged the assumption that her mother was the pioneering American businesswoman who established the “Katharine Gibbs” chain of vocational schools, Francis was actually raised in the hardscrabble theatrical circuit of the period. In reality, her mother had been born in Nova Scotia, Canada, and eventually became a moderately successful actress and singer under the stage name Katharine Clinton.

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Kay Francis’ mother Catherine Clinton

Young Kay was often out on the road with her mother, and attended Catholic schools when it was affordable, becoming a student at the Institute of the Holy Angels at age five.

After also attending Miss Fuller’s School for Young Ladies in Ossining, New York (1919) and the Cathedral School (1920), she enrolled at the Katharine Gibbs Secretarial School in New York City. At age 17, Kay became engaged to a well-to-do Pittsfield, Massachusetts man, James Dwight Francis.

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James Dwight Francis

Their December 1922 marriage at New York’s Saint Thomas Church ended in divorce. Kay and her husband lived in Pittsfield in a house next to and now owned by St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church, 1304 North St. 01201.

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Stage career

In the spring of 1925, Francis went to Paris to get a divorce. While there, she was courted by a former Harvard athlete and member of the Boston Bar Association, Bill Gaston. Kay and Bill saw each other only on occasion; he was in Boston and Kay had decided to follow her mother’s footsteps and go on the stage in New York.

She made her Broadway debut as the Player Queen in a modern-dress version of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in November 1925. Francis claimed she got the part by “lying a lot, to the right people”. One of the “right” people was producer Stuart Walker, who hired Kay to join his Portmanteau Theatre Company, and she soon found herself commuting between DaytonIndianapolis, and Cincinnati, playing wisecracking secretaries, saucy French floozies, walk-ons, bit parts, and heavies.

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By February 1927, Francis returned to Broadway in the play Crime. Sylvia Sidney, although a teenager at the time, had the lead in Crime but would later say that Kay stole the show.

After Kay’s divorce from Gaston, she became engaged to a society playboy, Alan Ryan Jr. She promised Alan’s family that she would not return to the stage – a promise that lasted only a few months before she was back on Broadway as an aviator in a Rachel Crothers play, Venus.

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Kay Francis in Mandalay (1934)

Francis was to appear in only one other Broadway production, a play called Elmer the Great in 1928. Written by Ring Lardner and produced by George M. Cohan, the play starred Walter Huston. He was so impressed by Francis that he encouraged her to take a screen test for the Paramount Pictures film Gentlemen of the Press(1929). Francis made this film and the Marx Brothers film The Cocoanuts (1929) at Paramount’s Astoria Studios in Astoria, Queens, New York.

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Elmer the Great – Theatre Booklet (1928)

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Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Article on Kay Francis by Leonard Hall

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in Gentlemen of the Press (1929)

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Kay Francis in The Cocoanuts (1929)

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Kay Francis and the Cast in The Cocoanuts (1929)

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Kay Francis in The Cocoanuts (1929)

 

Film career

 

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William Powell and Kay Francis in Street of Chance (1930)

 

By that time, major film studios, which had formerly been based in New York, were already well-established in California, and many Broadway actors had been enticed to travel west to Hollywood to make sound films, including Ann HardingAline MacMahonHelen TwelvetreesBarbara StanwyckHumphrey Bogart, and Leslie Howard. Francis, signed to a contract with Paramount Pictures, also made the move and created an immediate impression. She frequently costarred with William Powell and appeared in as many as six to eight movies a year, making a total of 21 films between 1929 and 1931.

Francis’s career flourished in spite of a slight but distinctive speech impediment (she pronounced the letters “r” and “l” as “w”) that gave rise to the nickname “Wavishing Kay Fwancis.”

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Kay Francis in Mandalay (1934)

Francis’ career at Paramount changed gears when Warner Bros. promised her star status at a better salary. She appeared in George Cukor‘s Girls About Town (1931) and Twenty-Four Hours (1931). After Francis’ career skyrocketed at Warner Bros., she would return to Paramount for Ernst Lubitsch‘s Trouble in Paradise (1932).

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Girls About Town (1931) Poster

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Girls About Town (1931) Lobby Card

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Girls About Town (1931) Lobby Card

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Girls About Town (1931) Lobby Card

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Girls About Town (1931) Lobby Card

 

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Kay Francis in Girls About Town (1931) 

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Kay Francis in Girls About Town (1931)

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Joel McCrea and Kay Francis in Girls About Town (1931)

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Premiere of Girls About Town (1931)

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Joel McCrea and Kay Francis in Girls About Town (1931)

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24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) Poster

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24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) Lobby Card

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24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) Poster

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24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) Lobby Cards

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24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) Poster

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Kay Francis in 24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) 

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Kay Francis in 24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) 

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Clive Brook and Kay Francis in 24 Hours AKA The Hours Between (1931) 

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Trouble in Paradise (1932) Poster

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Herbert Marshall and Kay Francis in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Kay Francis and Miriam Hopkins in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Herbert Marshall, Kay Francis and Ernst Lubitsch on the set of Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Miriam Hopkins, Herbert Marshall and Kay Francis in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Kay Francis and Herbert Marshall in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Kay Francis, Miriam Hopkins and Herbert Marshall in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Miriam Hopkins and Herbert Marshall in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

In 1932, Warner Bros. persuaded both Francis and Powell to join the ranks of Warners stars, along with Ruth Chatterton. In exchange, Francis was given roles that allowed her a more sympathetic screen persona than had hitherto been the case—in her first three featured roles she had played a villainess. For example, in The False Madonna (1932), she played a jaded society woman nursing a terminally ill child who learns to appreciate the importance of hearth and home. On December 16, 1931, Francis and her co-stars opened the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California with a gala preview screening of The False Madonna.

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Ruth Chatterton

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Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931) Poster

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Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931) Poster

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William Boyd and Kay Francis in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931)

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Conway Tearle and Kay Francis in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931)

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William Boyd, Kay Francis and Conway Tearle in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931)

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Kay Francis in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931)

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Kay Francis and Conway Tearle in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931)

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Kay Francis in Cheated AKA The False Madonna AKA The False Idol (1931) Magazine Article

 

Mainstream successes

From 1932 through 1936, Francis was the queen of the Warners lot and increasingly her films were developed as star vehicles. By the mid-thirties, Francis was one of the highest-paid people in the United States. From the years 1930 to 1937, Francis appeared on the covers of 38 film magazines, the most for any adult performer and second only to Shirley Temple who appeared on 138 covers during that period.

She had married writer-director John Meehan in New York, but soon after her arrival in Hollywood, she consummated an affair with actor and producer Kenneth MacKenna, whom she married in January 1931. When MacKenna’s Hollywood career foundered, he found himself spending more time in New York, and they divorced in 1934.

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John Meehan  

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Kay Francis and Kenneth MacKenna

She frequently played long-suffering heroines, in films such as I Found Stella ParishSecrets of an Actress, and Comet Over Broadway, displaying to good advantage lavish wardrobes that, in some cases, were more memorable than the characters she played—a fact often emphasized by contemporary film reviewers.

Francis’ clotheshorse reputation often led Warners’ producers to concentrate resources on lavish sets and costumes, designed to appeal to Depression-era female audiences and capitalize on her reputation as the epitome of chic, rather than on scripts.

 

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I Found Stella Parish (1935) Poster

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I Found Stella Parish (1935) Poster

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I Found Stella Parish (1935) Poster

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Kay Francis in I Found Stella Parish (1935)

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Kay Francis and Sybil Jason in I Found Stella Parish (1935)

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Kay Francis in I Found Stella Parish (1935)

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Kay Francis in I Found Stella Parish (1935)

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Kay Francis in I Found Stella Parish (1935)

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Secrets of an Actress (1938) Poster

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Secrets of an Actress (1938) Poster and Lobby Cards

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Ian Hunter and Kay Francis in Secrets of an Actress (1938) 

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George Brent and Kay Francis in Secrets of an Actress (1938) 

 

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Kay Francis on the set of Secrets of an Actress (1938) 

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Gloria Dickson and George Brent in Secrets of an Actress (1938) 

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Secrets of an Actress (1938) Lobby Card

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Comet Over Broadway (1938) Poster

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Comet Over Broadway (1938) Poster

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Comet Over Broadway (1938) Lobby Card

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Kay Francis and Ian Hunter in Comet Over Broadway (1938) 

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Comet Over Broadway (1938) Poster

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Kay Francis and Ian Hunter in Comet Over Broadway (1938) 

Eventually, Francis herself became dissatisfied with these vehicles and began openly to feud with Warners, even threatening a lawsuit against them for inferior treatment. This in turn led to her demotion to programmers such as Women in the Wind (1939) and, in the same year, to the termination of her contract.

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Eve Arden and Kay Francis in Women in the Wind (1939)

 

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Kay Francis and Eve Arden in Women in the Wind (1939)

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Women in the Wind (1939) Lobby Card

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Kay Francis in a promo photograph for Women in the Wind (1939)

 

“Box Office Poison” and revival

 

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that included Francis, along with Greta GarboJoan CrawfordFred AstaireMae WestKatharine Hepburn and others, on a list of stars dubbed “box office poison“.

After her release from Warners, Francis was unable to secure another studio contract. Carole Lombard, one of the most popular stars of the late 1930s and early 1940s (and who had previously been a supporting player in Francis’ 1931 film, Ladies’ Man) tried to bolster Francis’ career by insisting Francis be cast in In Name Only (1939).

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In Name Only (1939) Poster

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In Name Only (1939) Lobby Card

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Carole Lombard, Cary Grant and Kay Francis in In Name Only (1939)

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Cary Grant and Kay Francis in In Name Only (1939)

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In Name Only (1939) Poster

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Cary Grant, Carole Lombard and Kay Francis in In Name Only (1939)

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In Name Only (1939) Lobby Card

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In Name Only (1939) Poster

In this film, Francis had a supporting role to Lombard and Cary Grant, but recognized that the film offered her an opportunity to engage in some serious acting. After this, she moved to character and supporting parts, playing catty professional women – holding her own against Rosalind Russell in The Feminine Touch, for example – and mothers opposite rising young stars such as Deanna Durbin. Francis did have a lead role in the Bogart gangster film King of the Underworld, released in 1939.

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The Feminine Touch (1941) Poster

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Van Heflin, Rosalind Russell and Don Ameche in The Feminine Touch (1941)

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Kay Francis and Van Heflin in The Feminine Touch (1941)

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Kay Francis and Van Heflin in The Feminine Touch (1941)

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Don Ameche and Rosalind Russell in The Feminine Touch (1941)

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The Feminine Touch (1941) Poster

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King of the Underworld (1939) Poster

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Humphrey Bogart and Kay Francis in King of the Underworld (1939)

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Humphrey Bogart and Kay Francis in King of the Underworld (1939)

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King of the Underworld (1939) Lobby Card

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King of the Underworld (1939) Lobby Card

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Kay Francis and Humphrey Bogart in King of the Underworld (1939) 

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King of the Underworld (1939) Lobby Card

World War II era

 

With the start of World War II, Francis did volunteer work, including extensive war-zone touring, which was first chronicled in a book attributed to fellow volunteer Carole LandisFour Jills in a Jeep, which became a popular 1944 film of the same name, with a cavalcade of stars and Martha Raye and Mitzi Mayfair joining Landis and Francis to fill out the complement of Jills.

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Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Poster

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Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Lobby Card

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Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Lobby Card

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Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Lobby Card

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Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Lobby Card

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Mitzi Mayfair, Carole Landis and Martha Raye in Four Jills in a Jeep (1944)

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Kay Francis promoting Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) 

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Kay Francis on the set of Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) 

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John Harvey and Carole Landis in Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) 

Despite the success of Four Jills, the end of the war found Francis virtually unemployable in Hollywood. She signed a three-film contract with Poverty Row studio Monogram Pictures that gave her production credit as well as star billing.

The results – the films DivorceWife Wanted, and Allotment Wives – had limited releases in 1945 and 1946.

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Divorce (1945) Poster

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Divorce (1945) Lobby Card

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Divorce (1945) Lobby Card

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Bruce Talbot and Kay Francis in Divorce (1945) Lobby Card

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Wife Wanted AKA Shadow of Blackmail (1946) Poster

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Wife Wanted AKA Shadow of Blackmail (1946) Poster

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Wife Wanted AKA Shadow of Blackmail (1946) Lobby Card

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Wife Wanted AKA Shadow of Blackmail (1946) Poster

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Allotment Wives AKA Woman in the Case (1945) Poster

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Allotment Wives AKA Woman in the Case (1945) Poster

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Kay Francis in Allotment Wives AKA Woman in the Case (1945)

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Kay Francis and Otto Kruger in Allotment Wives AKA Woman in the Case (1945) 

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Teala Loring and Kay Francis in Allotment Wives AKA Woman in the Case (1945) Poster

Francis spent the remainder of the 1940s on the stage, appearing with some success in State of the Union and touring in various productions of plays old and new, including one, Windy Hill, backed by former Warners colleague Ruth Chatterton. Declining health, aggravated by an accident in 1948 in which she was badly burned by a radiator, hastened her retirement from show business.

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State of the Union (1947) Programme

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State of the Union (1947) Programme

 

Personal life

“”My life? Well, I get up at a quarter to six in the morning if I’m going to wear an evening dress on camera. That sentence sounds a little ga-ga, doesn’t it? But never mind, that’s my life…As long as they pay me my salary, they can give me a broom and I’ll sweep the stage. I don’t give a damn. I want the money…When I die, I want to be cremated so that no sign of my existence is left on this earth. I can’t wait to be forgotten.” – From Kay Francis’s private diaries, c. 1938.
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Francis married five times. Her diaries, preserved in an academic collection at Wesleyan University, paint a picture of a woman whose personal life was often in disarray. She regularly socialized with homosexual men, one of whom, Anderson Lawler, was reportedly paid $10,000 by Warner Bros. to accompany her to Europe in 1934.

 

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Kay Francis in Mandalay (1934)

In 1966, Francis was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a mastectomy, but the cancer had spread and proved fatal. Having no living immediate family members, Francis left more than $1,000,000 to The Seeing Eye, which trains guide dogs for the blind. She died in 1968, aged 63, and her body was immediately cremated; her ashes were scattered.

 

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Partial filmography

Features

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Short subjects

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References

Notes

  1. Jump up^ Obituary Variety, August 28, 1968, page 63.
  2. Jump up^ Osborne, Robert. Introduction to King of the UnderworldTurner Classic Movies(18 September 2008)
  3. Jump up^ “The Wesleyan Cinema Archives”. Wesleyhan.edu. Retrieved 8 September2010.
  4. Jump up^ The 1910 census lists 1905 as her birth year.
  5. Jump up^ enumerated on May 28, 1910 (Ancestry.com)
  6. Jump up^ Kay Francis at the Internet Broadway Database
  7. Jump up^ Hamlet at the Internet Broadway Database
  8. Jump up^ Crime at the Internet Broadway Database
  9. Jump up^ Venus at the Internet Broadway Database
  10. Jump up^ Elmer the Great at the Internet Broadway Database
  11. Jump up^ Slide, Anthony (2010). Inside the Hollywood Fan Magazine: A History of Star Makers, Fabricators, and Gossip Mongers. Jackson: Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-60473-413-3.
  12. Jump up^ “Box-office Busts”Life. p. 13. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  13. Jump up to:a b “The Kay Francis Papers”. Wesleyan Cinema Archives. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  14. Jump up^ Mann, William J. (2001). Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910-1969. New York: Viking. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0670030171.

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Bibliography

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Miriam Hopkins


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Prepared by Daniel B Miller

 

Ellen Miriam Hopkins

(October 18, 1902 – October 9, 1972) was an American film and TV actress known for her versatility.

She first signed with Paramount in 1930, working with Ernst Lubitsch and Joel McCrea, among many others. Her long-running feud with Bette Davis was publicized for effect.

Later she became a pioneer of TV drama. Hopkins was a distinguished Hollywood hostess, who moved in intellectual and creative circles.

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Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

Early life

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Hopkins was born in Savannah, Georgia to Homer Hopkins and Ellen Cutler and raised in Bainbridge, near the Alabama border. She had an older sister, Ruby (1900-1990). Her maternal great-grandfather, the fourth mayor of Bainbridge, helped establish St. John’s Episcopal Church, in Bainbridge, where Hopkins sang in the choir.

In 1909, she briefly lived in Mexico. After her parents separated, she moved as a teen with her mother to Syracuse, New York, to be near her uncle, Thomas Cramer Hopkins, head of the Geology Department at Syracuse University.

She attended Goddard Seminary in Barre, Vermont (which later became Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont) and Syracuse University (in New York). She became estranged from her father, and when in 1922 at the age of 19 she applied for a passport in preparation for a theatrical tour of South America, she listed his address as “unknown.”
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Career

At age 20, Hopkins became a chorus girl in New York City. In 1930, she signed with Paramount Pictures, and made her official film debut in Fast and Loose. Her first great success was in the 1931 horror drama film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in which she portrayed the character Ivy Pearson, a prostitute who becomes entangled with Jekyll and Hyde. Hopkins received rave reviews, but because of the potential controversy of the film and her character, many of her scenes were cut before the official release, reducing her screen time to approximately five minutes.

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Fast and Loose (1930) Poster

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Miriam Hopkins in Fast and Loose (1930)

Miriam Hopkins in Fast and Loose (1930)

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Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931) Poster

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Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde, lobby card. Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde, from left, Miriam Hopkins, Fredric March, Rose Hobart, 1931. (Photo by LMPC via Getty Images)

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931) Lobby Card

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Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931) Lobby Card

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Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931) Lobby Card

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Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March Rose Hobart and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March Rose Hobart and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

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Fredric March Rouben Mamoulian and Miriam Hopkins on the set of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1931)

Nevertheless, her career ascended swiftly thereafter and in 1932 she scored her breakthrough in Ernst Lubitsch‘s Trouble in Paradise, where she proved her charm and wit as a beautiful and jealous pickpocket. During the pre-code Hollywood of the early 1930s, she appeared in The Smiling Lieutenant, The Story of Temple Drake and Design for Living, all of which were box office successes and critically acclaimed.

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Trouble in Paradise (1932) Poster

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Herbert Marshall and Miriam Hopkins in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Miriam Hopkins and Kay Francis in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Kay Francis, Herbert Marshall and Kay Francis in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Miriam Hopkins and Herbert Marshall in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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Trouble in Paradise (1932) Lobby Card

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Herbert Marshall and Miriam Hopkins in Trouble in Paradise (1932)

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The Smiling Lieutenant (1931) Lobby Card

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On the set of The Smiling Lieutenant (1931)

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The Smiling Lieutenant (1931) Press Book

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The Story of Temple Drake (1933) Poster

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The Story of Temple Drake (1933) Lobby Card

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The Story of Temple Drake (1933) Lobby Card

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Miriam Hopkins and Jack La Rue in The Story of Temple Drake (1933)

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Miriam Hopkins in The Story of Temple Drake (1933)

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Miriam Hopkins and Jack La Rue in The Story of Temple Drake (1933)

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Miriam Hopkins in The Story of Temple Drake (1933)

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The Story of Temple Drake (1933) Press Sheet

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Miriam Hopkins in The Story of Temple Drake (1933)

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Design for Living (1933) Poster

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Design for Living (1933) Poster

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Design for Living (1933) Lobby Card

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Design for Living (1933) Lobby Card

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Design for Living (1933) Lobby Card

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Gary Cooper and Fredric March in Design for Living (1933)

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Fredric March, Miriam Hopkins and Gary Cooper in Design for Living (1933)

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 Gary Cooper, Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Design for Living (1933)6095691_1

Design for Living (1933) Lobby Card

Her pre-Code films were considered risqué at the time, with The Story of Temple Drake depicting a rape scene and Design for Living featuring a ménage à trois with Fredric March and Gary Cooper.

She also had success during the remainder of the decade with the romantic comedy The Richest Girl in the World (1934), the historical udrama Becky Sharp (1935), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, Barbary Coast (1935), These Three (1936) (the first of four films with director William Wyler) and The Old Maid (1939).

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The Richest Girl in the World (1934) Poster

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Miriam Hopkins in The Richest Girl in the World (1934) 

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Joel McCrea and Miriam Hopkins in The Richest Girl in the World (1934) 

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Miriam Hopkins in The Richest Girl in the World (1934)

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Becky Sharp (1935) Poster

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Miriam Hopkins in Becky Sharp (1935)

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Becky Sharp (1935) Poster

 

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Becky Sharp (1935) Poster

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Miriam Hopkins in Becky Sharp (1935) Production Still

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Miriam Hopkins in Becky Sharp (1935) 

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Miriam Hopkins in Becky Sharp (1935) 

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Becky Sharp (1935) Magazine Cover 

 

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Barbary Coast (1935) Poster

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Barbary Coast AKA Port of Wickedness (1935) Lobby Card

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Barbary Coast AKA Port of Wickedness (1935) Poster

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Barbary Coast AKA Port of Wickedness (1935) Lobby Card

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Miriam Hopkins in Barbary Coast AKA Port of Wickedness (1935)  

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Miriam Hopkins in Barbary Coast AKA Port of Wickedness (1935)  

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These Three (1936) Poster

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These Three (1936) Poster

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These Three (1936) Production Still

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These Three (1936) Poster

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These Three (1936) Lobby Cards

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These Three (1936) Poster

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The Old Maid (1939) Poster

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Bette Davis, George Brent and Miriam Hopkins in The Old Maid (1939)

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The Old Maid (1939) Poster

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The Old Maid (1939) Lobby Card

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The Old Maid (1939) Poster

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Bette Davis and Miriam Hopkins in The Old Maid (1939) 

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Bette Davis, Miriam Hopkins and George Brent in The Old Maid (1939)

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The Old Maid (1939) Poster

Hopkins was one of the first actresses approached to play the role of Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night (1934). However, she rejected the part, and Claudette Colbert was cast instead. She did audition for the role of Scarlett O’Hara in Gone with the Wind, having one advantage none of the other candidates had: she was a native Georgian. But the part went to Vivien Leigh. Interestingly, both Colbert and Leigh won Oscars for their performances.

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Hopkins had well-publicized fights with her arch-enemy Bette Davis (Hopkins believed Davis was having an affair with Hopkins’ husband at the time, Anatole Litvak), when they co-starred in their two films The Old Maid (1939) and Old Acquaintance(1943).

Davis admitted to enjoying very much a scene in Old Acquaintance in which she shakes Hopkins forcefully during a scene where Hopkins’ character makes unfounded allegations against Davis’s. There were even press photos taken with both divas in a boxing ring with gloves up and director Vincent Sherman between the two. Davis described Hopkins as a “terribly good actress” but also “terribly jealous” in later interviews.

 

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Old Acquaintance (1943) Poster 

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Miriam Hopkins in Old Acquaintance (1943) 

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Old Acquaintance (1943) Poster 

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Old Acquaintance (1943) Poster 

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Miriam Hopkins and Bette Davis in Old Acquaintance (1943) 

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Old Acquaintance (1943) Lobby Card

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Bette Davis and Miriam Hopkins in Old Acquaintance (1943) 

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Old Acquaintance (1943) Lobby Card

After Old Acquaintance, Hopkins did not work again in films until The Heiress (1949), where she played the lead character’s aunt. In Mitchell Leisen‘s 1951’s comedy The Mating Season, she gave a comic performance as Gene Tierney‘s character’s mother. She also acted in The Children’s Hour, which is the theatrical basis of her film These Three (1936). In the remake, she played the aunt to Shirley MacLaine, who took Hopkins’ original role.

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The Heiress (1949) Poster

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The Heiress (1949) Lobby Card

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The Heiress (1949) Lobby Card

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The Heiress (1949) Lobby Cards

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The Mating Season (1951) Poster

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Gene Tierney and Miriam Hopkins in The Mating Season (1951) 

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The Children’s Hour (1961) Poster

Hopkins was a television pioneer, performing in teleplays in three decades, spanning the late 1940s through the late 1960s, in such programs as The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre (1949), Pulitzer Prize Playhouse (1951), Lux Video Theatre (1951–1955), The Outer Limits (1964) and even an episode of The Flying Nun in 1969.

She has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for motion pictures at 1701 Vine Street, and one for television at 1708 Vine Street.

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Miriam Hopkins

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The Playhouse Theatre Programme

 

Private life

Hopkins was married and divorced four times: first to actor Brandon Peters, second to aviator, screenwriter Austin Parker, third to the director Anatole Litvak, and fourth to war correspondent Raymond B. Brock. In 1932, Hopkins adopted a son, Michael T. Hopkins (March 29, 1932 – October 5, 2010).

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Brandon Peters

 

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Austin Parker

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Anatole Litvak

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Miriam Hopkins and Anatole Litvak

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Miriam Hopkins and Anatole Litvak

She was known for hosting elegant parties. John O’Hara, a frequent guest, noted that

most of her guests were chosen from the world of the intellect…Miriam knew them all, had read their work, had listened to their music, had bought their paintings. They were not there because a secretary had given her a list of highbrows.

She was a staunch Democrat who strongly supported the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Death

Hopkins died in New York City from a heart attack nine days before her 70th birthday. She is buried in Oak City Cemetery in Bainbridge, Georgia.

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Miriam Hopkins Grave

Filmography

Miriam Hopkins 5

 

Year Title Role Notes
1930 Fast and Loose Marion Lenox Hopkins’s film debut
1931 The Smiling Lieutenant Princess Anna The first of three films Hopkins made with Lubitsch
1931 24 Hours Rosie Duggan
1931 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Ivy Pearson
1932 Two Kinds of Women Emma Krull
1932 Dancers in the Dark Gloria Bishop
1932 The World and the Flesh Maria Yaskaya
1932 Trouble in Paradise Lily Second film directed by Lubitsch and starring Hopkins
1933 The Story of Temple Drake Temple Drake
1933 The Stranger’s Return Louise Starr
1933 Design for Living Gilda Farrell Third and final film Hopkins and Lubitsch made together
1934 All of Me Lydia Darrow
1934 She Loves Me Not Curly Flagg
1934 The Richest Girl in the World Dorothy Hunter First of five films Hopkins and McCrea made together
1935 Becky Sharp Becky Sharp Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
The first feature film made in the three strip Technicolor process
1935 Barbary Coast Mary ‘Swan’ Rutledge Second film starring Hopkins and McCrea
1935 Splendor Phyllis Manning Lorrimore Third film starring Hopkins and McCrea
1936 These Three Martha Dobie The film was adapted from the 1934 play The Children’s Hour by Lillian Hellman.
Fourth film starring Hopkins and McCrea
1936 Men Are Not Gods Ann Williams
1937 The Woman I Love Madame Helene Maury Hopkins married director Anatole Litvak shortly after this film was made.
It is the only film Hopkins made with Paul Muni
1937 Woman Chases Man Virginia Travis Final film Hopkins and McCrea made together
1937 Wise Girl Susan ‘Susie’ Fletcher
1939 The Old Maid Delia Lovell Ralston The first of two films Hopkins made with Bette Davis
1940 Virginia City Julia Hayne Hopkins co-starred with Errol Flynn
1940 Lady with Red Hair Mrs. Leslie Carter
1942 A Gentleman After Dark Flo Melton
1943 Old Acquaintance Millie Drake Second of two films Hopkins made with Bette Davis.
1949 The Heiress Lavinia Penniman Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
1951 The Mating Season Fran Carleton
1952 The Outcasts of Poker Flat Mrs. Shipton/’The Duchess’
1952 Carrie Julie Hurstwood
1961 The Children’s Hour Lily Mortar Hopkins had starred in the original film adaptation of the play The Children’s Hour entitled These Three in the role of Martha Dobie. In this film Shirley MacLaine played Martha and Miriam Hopkins played her Aunt Lily.
1964 Fanny Hill Mrs. Maude Brown
1966 The Chase Mrs. Reeves Hopkins played the mother of Robert Redford’s character
1970 Savage Intruder Katharine Parker Hopkins’s last film

Short Subjects:

  • “The Home Girl” (1928)
  • “Hollywood on Parade No. B-1” (1933)

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Miriam Hopkins 6

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References

  1. Jump up^ Obituary Variety, October 11, 1972, p. 71.
  2. Jump up^ Virginia, Marriage Records 1936-2014
  3. Jump up^ 1910 United States Federal Census
  4. Jump up^ http://www.episcopalchurch.org/parish/st-johns-episcopal-church-bainbridge-ga
  5. Jump up^ “Miriam Hopkins (1902-1972)”. Georgiaencyclopedia.org. August 28, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  6. ^ Jump up to:ab Profile, archives.syr.edu; accessed June 27, 2015.
  7. Jump up^ [Ancestry.com] U.S. Passports Applications, 1795-1925, “Meriam Hopkins, Passport Issue Date 30 January 1922”
  8. Jump up^ Profile, allanellenberger.com; accessed June 27, 2015.
  9. Jump up^ Profile, imdb.com; accessed June 27, 2015.
  10. Jump up^ Wiley, Mason; Damien Bona (1987). Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. Ballantine Books. p. 54. ISBN0-345-34453-7.
  11. Jump up^ Soares, Andre (December 3, 2006). “Miriam Hopkins Biography in the Works”. Alternative Film Guide.
  12. Jump up^ “TimesMachine”. Timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  13. Jump up^ Michael Janeway (August 22, 2009). The Fall of the House of Roosevelt: Brokers of Ideas and Power from FDR to LBJ. Books.google.com. Retrieved October 17,2015.

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Carole Lombard


Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Carole Lombard (born Jane Alice Peters, October 6, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American film actress. She was particularly noted for her energetic, often off-beat roles in the screwball comedies of the 1930s. She was the highest-paid star in Hollywood in the late 1930s. She was the second wife of actor Clark Gable.

Lombard was born into a wealthy family in Fort Wayne, Indiana, but was raised in Los Angeles by her single mother. At 12, she was recruited by the film director Allan Dwan and made her screen debut in A Perfect Crime (1921). Eager to become an actress, she signed a contract with the Fox Film Corporation at age 16, but mainly played bit parts.

Carole Lombard in A Perfect Crime (1921)

She was dropped by Fox after a car accident left a scar on her face. Lombard appeared in 15 short comedies for Mack Sennett between 1927 and 1929, and then began appearing in feature films such as High Voltage and The Racketeer. After a successful appearance in The Arizona Kid (1930), she was signed to a contract with Paramount Pictures.

Paramount quickly began casting Lombard as a leading lady, primarily in drama films. Her profile increased when she married William Powell in 1931, but the couple divorced after two years.

A turning point in Lombard’s career came when she starred in Howard Hawks‘ pioneering screwball comedy Twentieth Century (1934). The actress found her niche in this genre, and continued to appear in films such as Hands Across the Table (1935) (forming a popular partnership with Fred MacMurray), My Man Godfrey (1936), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, and Nothing Sacred (1937).

At this time, Lombard married “the King of Hollywood”, Clark Gable, and the supercouple gained much attention from the media. Keen to win an Oscar, at the end of the decade, Lombard began to move towards more serious roles. Unsuccessful in this aim, she returned to comedy in Alfred Hitchcock‘s Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941) and Ernst Lubitsch‘s To Be or Not to Be (1942) — her final film role.

Lombard’s career was cut short when she died at the age of 33 in an aircraft crash on Mount Potosi, Nevada while returning from a war bond tour. Today, she is remembered as one of the definitive actresses of the screwball comedy genre and American comedy, and ranks among the American Film Institute‘s greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Childhood

Lombard was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, on October 6, 1908 at 704 Rockhill Street.

Christened with the name Jane Alice Peters, she was the third child and only daughter of Frederick Christian Peters (1875–1935) and Elizabeth Jayne “Bessie” (Knight) Peters (1876–1942). Her two older brothers, to each of whom she was close, both growing up and in adulthood, were Frederick Charles (1902–1979) and John Stuart (1906–1956).

Lombard’s parents both descended from wealthy families and her early years were lived in comfort, with the biographer Robert Matzen calling it her “silver spoon period”.

The marriage between her parents was strained, however, and in October 1914, her mother took the children and moved to Los Angeles. Although the couple did not divorce, the separation was permanent. Her father’s continued financial support allowed the family to live without worry, if not with the same affluence they had enjoyed in Indiana, and they settled into an apartment near Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles.

At age 12, Lombard had a small role in the film A Perfect Crime (1921).

 

Described by her biographer Wes Gehring as “a free-spirited tomboy“, the young Lombard was passionately involved in sports and enjoyed watching movies.

At Virgil Junior High School, she participated in tennis, volleyball, and swimming, and won trophies for her achievements in athletics. At the age of 12, this hobby unexpectedly landed Lombard her first screen role. While playing baseball with friends, she caught the attention of the film director Allan Dwan, who later recalled seeing “a cute-looking little tomboy … out there knocking the hell out of the other kids, playing better baseball than they were. And I needed someone of her type for this picture.”

With the encouragement of her mother, Lombard happily took a small role in the melodrama A Perfect Crime (1921). She was on set for two days, playing the sister of Monte Blue. Dwan later commented, “She ate it up”.

Aspiring actress, Fox (1921–26)

A Perfect Crime was not widely distributed, but the brief experience spurred Lombard and her mother to look for more film work. The teenager attended several auditions, but none was successful.

While appearing as the queen of Fairfax High School‘s May Day Carnival at the age of 15, she was scouted by an employee of Charlie Chaplin and offered a screen test to appear in his film The Gold Rush (1925). Lombard was not given the role, but it raised Hollywood’s awareness of the aspiring actress.

Her test was seen by the Vitagraph Film Company, which expressed an interest in signing her to a contract. Although this did not materialize, the condition that she adopt a new first name (“Jane” was considered too dull) lasted with Lombard throughout her career. She selected the name “Carol” after a girl with whom she played tennis in middle school.

In October 1924, shortly after these disappointments, 16-year-old Lombard was signed to a contract with the Fox Film Corporation. How this came about is uncertain: in her lifetime, it was reported that a director for the studio scouted her at a dinner party, but more recent evidence suggests that Lombard’s mother contacted Louella Parsons, the gossip columnist, who then got her a screen test.

According to the biographer Larry Swindell, Lombard’s beauty convinced Winfield Sheehan, head of the studio, to sign her to a $75-per-week contract.

The teenager abandoned her schooling to embark on this new career. Fox was happy to use the name Carol, but unlike Vitagraph, disliked her surname. From this point, she became “Carol Lombard”, the new name taken from a family friend.

The majority of Lombard’s appearances with Fox were bit parts in low-budget Westerns and adventure films. She later commented on her dissatisfaction with these roles: “All I had to do was simper prettily at the hero and scream with terror when he battled with the villain.” She fully enjoyed the other aspects of film work, however, such as photo shoots, costume fittings, and socializing with actors on the studio set. Lombard embraced the flapper lifestyle and became a regular at the Coconut Grove nightclub, where she won several Charleston dance competitions.

In March 1925, Fox gave Lombard a leading role in the drama Marriage in Transit, opposite Edmund Lowe. Her performance was well received, with a reviewer for Motion Picture News writing that she displayed “good poise and considerable charm.”

Despite this, the studio heads were unconvinced that Lombard was leading lady material, and her one-year contract was not renewed. Gehring has suggested that a facial scar she obtained in an automobile accident was a factor in this decision. Fearing that the scar — which ran across her cheek — would ruin her career, the 17-year-old had an early plastic surgery procedure to make it less visible. For the remainder of her career, Lombard learned to hide the mark with make-up and careful lighting.

Breakthrough

Sennett and Pathé (1927–29)

Lombard in the comedy short Run, Girl, Run (1928), from her time as a “Mack Sennett girl”

After a year without work, Lombard obtained a screen test for the “King of Comedy” Mack Sennett. She was offered a contract, and although she initially had reservations about performing in slapstick comedies, the actress joined his company as one of the “Sennett Bathing Beauties“.

She appeared in 15 short films between September 1927 and March 1929, and greatly enjoyed her time at the studio. It gave Lombard her first experiences in comedy and provided valuable training for her future work in the genre. In 1940, she called her Sennett years “the turning point of [my] acting career.”

Sennett’s productions were distributed by Pathé Exchange, and the company began casting Lombard in feature films. She had prominent roles in Show Folks and Ned McCobb’s Daughter (both 1928), where reviewers observed that she made a “good impression” and was “worth watching”.

The following year, Pathé elevated Lombard from a supporting player to a leading lady. Her success in Raoul Walsh‘s picture Me, Gangster (also 1928), opposite June Collyer and Don Terry on his film debut, finally eased the pressure her family had been putting on her to succeed. In Howard Higgin‘s High Voltage (1929), her first talking picture, she played a criminal in the custody of a deputy sheriff, both of whom are among bus passengers stranded in deep snow.

Her next film, the comedy Big News (1929), cast her opposite Robert Armstrong and was a critical and commercial success. Lombard was reunited with Armstrong for the crime drama The Racketeer, released in late 1929. The review in Film Daily wrote, “Carol Lombard proves a real surprise, and does her best work to date. In fact, this is the first opportunity she has had to prove that she has the stuff to go over.”

Paramount, Powell marriage (1930–33)

 

Lombard returned to Fox for a one-off role in the western The Arizona Kid (1930). It was a big release for the studio, starring the popular actor Warner Baxter, in which Lombard received third billing. Following the success of the film, Paramount Pictures recruited Lombard and signed her to a $350-per-week contract (gradually increasing to $3,500 per week by 1936). They cast her in the Buddy Rogers comedy Safety in Numbers (also 1930), and one critic observed of her work, “Lombard proves [to be] an ace comedienne.”

For her second assignment, Fast and Loose (also 1930) with Miriam Hopkins, Paramount mistakenly credited the actress as “Carole Lombard”. She decided she liked this spelling and it became her permanent screen name.

Lombard appeared in five films released during 1931, beginning with the Frank Tuttle comedy It Pays to Advertise. Her next two films, Man of the World and Ladies Man, both featured William Powell, Paramount’s top male star.

Lombard had been a fan of the actor before they met, attracted to his good looks and debonair screen persona, and they were soon in a relationship.

The differences between the pair have been noted by biographers: she was 22, carefree, and famously foul-mouthed, while he was 38, intellectual, and sophisticated. Despite their disparate personalities, Lombard married Powell on June 6, 1931, at her Beverly Hills home. Talking to the media, she argued for the benefits of “love between two people who are diametrically different”, claiming that their relationship allowed for a “perfect see-saw love”.

With William Powell, her husband from June 1931 to August 1933

 

The marriage to Powell increased Lombard’s fame, while she continued to please critics with her work in Up Pops the Devil and I Take this Woman (both 1931).

In reviews for the latter film, which co-starred Gary Cooper, several critics predicted that Lombard was set to become a major star. She went on to appear in five films throughout 1932. No One Man and Sinners in the Sun were not successful, but Edward Buzzell‘s romantic picture Virtue was well received.

After featuring in the drama No More Orchids, Lombard was cast as the wife of a con artist in No Man of Her Own. Her co-star for the picture was Clark Gable, who was rapidly becoming one of Hollywood’s top stars. The film was a critical and commercial success, and Wes Gehring writes that it was “arguably Lombard’s finest film appearance” to that point.

No Man of Her Own 1

It was the only picture that Gable and Lombard, future husband and wife, made together.

There was no romantic interest at this time however, as she recounted to Garson Kanin: “[we] did all kinds of hot love scenes … and I never got any kind of tremble out of him at all”. In August 1933, Lombard and Powell divorced after 26 months of marriage, although they remained very good friends until the end of Lombard’s life. At the time, she blamed it on their careers, but in a 1936 interview, she admitted that this “had little to do with the divorce. We were just two completely incompatible people”.

She appeared in five films that year, beginning with the drama From Hell to Heaven and continuing with Supernatural, her only horror vehicle. After a small role in The Eagle and the Hawk, a war film starring Fredric March and Cary Grant, she starred in two melodramas: Brief Moment, which critics enjoyed, and White Woman, where she was paired with Charles Laughton.

From Hell To Heaven 2From Hell To Heaven 10

Hollywood star

Screwball beginnings (1934–35)

Twentieth Century 1
Lombard made four comedies with Fred MacMurray, beginning with Hands Across the Table (1935).

The year 1934 marked a high point in Lombard’s career. She began with Wesley Ruggles‘s musical drama Bolero, where George Raft and she showcased their dancing skills in an extravagantly staged performance to Maurice Ravel‘s “Boléro“.

Before filming began, she was offered the lead female role in It Happened One Night, but turned it down because of scheduling conflicts with this production. Bolero was favorably received, while her next film, the musical comedy We’re Not Dressing with Bing Crosby, was a box-office hit.

Lombard was then recruited by the director Howard Hawks, to star in his screwball comedy film Twentieth Century  which proved a watershed in her career and made her a major star. Hawks had seen the actress inebriated at a party, where he found her to be “hilarious and uninhibited and just what the part needed”, and she was cast opposite John Barrymore.

In Twentieth Century, Lombard played an actress who is pursued by her former mentor, a flamboyant Broadway impresario.

Hawks and Barrymore were unimpressed with her work in rehearsals, finding that she was “acting” too hard and giving a stiff performance. The director encouraged Lombard to relax, be herself, and act on her instincts.

She responded well to this tutoring, and reviews for the film commented on her unexpectedly “fiery talent” — “a Lombard like no Lombard you’ve ever seen”. The Los Angeles Times critic felt that she was “entirely different” from her formerly cool, “calculated” persona, adding, “she vibrates with life and passion, abandon and diablerie”.

The next films in which Lombard appeared were Henry Hathaway‘s Now and Forever (1934), featuring Gary Cooper and the new child star Shirley Temple, and Lady by Choice (1934), which was a critical and commercial success.

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The Gay Bride (1934) placed her opposite Chester Morris in a gangster comedy, but this outing was panned by critics.

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After reuniting with George Raft for another dance picture, Rumba (1935), Lombard was given the opportunity to repeat the screwball success of Twentieth Century. In Mitchell Leisen‘s Hands Across the Table (1935), she portrayed a manicurist in search of a rich husband, played by Fred MacMurray.

Critics praised the film, and Photoplay’s reviewer stated that Lombard had reaffirmed her talent for the genre. It is remembered as one of her best films, and the pairing of Lombard and MacMurray proved so successful that they made three more pictures together.

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Continued success (1936–37)

Lombard’s first film of 1936 was Love Before Breakfast, described by Gehring as “The Taming of the Shrew, screwball style”.

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In William K. Howard‘s The Princess Comes Across, her second comedy with MacMurray, she played a budding actress who wins a film contract by masquerading as a Swedish princess. The performance was considered a satire of Greta Garbo, and was widely praised by critics.

 

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Lombard’s success continued as she was recruited by Universal Studios to star in the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936).

William Powell, who was playing the eponymous Godfrey, insisted on her being cast as the female lead; despite their divorce, the pair remained friendly and Powell felt she would be perfect in the role of Irene, a zany heiress who employs a “forgotten man” as the family butler.

The film was directed by Gregory LaCava, who knew Lombard personally and advised that she draw on her “eccentric nature” for the role. She worked hard on the performance, particularly with finding the appropriate facial expressions for Irene. My Man Godfrey was released to great acclaim and was a box office hit.

It received six nominations at the 9th Academy Awards, including Lombard for Best Actress. Biographers cite it as her finest performance, and Frederick Ott says it “clearly established [her] as a comedienne of the first rank.”

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By 1937, Lombard was one of Hollywood’s most popular actresses, and also the highest-paid star in Hollywood following the deal which Myron Selznick negotiated with Paramount that brought her $450,000, more than five times the salary of the U.S. President.

As her salary was widely reported in the press, Lombard stated that 80% of her earnings went in taxes, but that she was happy to help improve her country. The comments earned her much positive publicity, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent her a personal letter of thanks.

Her first release of the year was Leisen’s Swing High, Swing Low, a third pairing with MacMurray. The film focused on a romance between two cabaret performers, and was a critical and commercial success. It had been primarily a drama, with occasional moments of comedy, but for her next project, Lombard returned to the screwball genre. Producer David O. Selznick was eager to make a comedy with the actress, impressed by her work in My Man Godfrey, and hired Ben Hecht to write an original screenplay for her.

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Nothing Sacred, directed by William Wellman and co-starring Fredric March, satirized the journalism industry and “the gullible urban masses”, with Lombard playing a small-town girl who pretends to be dying and finds her story exploited by a New York reporter. Marking her only appearance in Technicolor, the film was highly praised and was one of Lombard’s personal favorites.

 

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Lombard continued with screwball comedies, next starring in what Swindell calls one of her “wackiest” films, True Confession (1937). She played a compulsive liar who wrongly confesses to murder. Lombard loved the script and was excited about the project, which reunited her with John Barrymore and was her final appearance with MacMurray. Her prediction that it “smacked of a surefire success” proved accurate, as critics responded positively and it was popular at the box office.

 

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Gable marriage, dramatic efforts 

 

True Confession was the last film Lombard made on her Paramount contract, and she remained an independent performer for the rest of her career.

Her next film was made at Warner Bros., where she played a famous actress in Mervyn LeRoy‘s Fools for Scandal (1938). The comedy met with scathing reviews and was a commercial failure, with Swindell calling it “one of the most horrendous flops of the thirties”. Fools for Scandal was the only film Lombard made in 1938.

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By this time, she was devoted to a relationship with Clark Gable. Four years after their teaming on No Man of Her Own, the pair had reunited at a Hollywood party and began a romance early in 1936. The media took great interest in their partnership and frequently questioned if they would wed. Gable was separated from his wife, Rhea Langham, but she did not want to grant him a divorce.

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As his relationship with Lombard became serious, Langham eventually agreed to a settlement worth half a million dollars. The divorce was finalized in March 1939, and Gable and Lombard eloped in Kingman, Arizona, on March 29.

The couple — both lovers of the outdoors — bought a 20-acre ranch in Encino, California, where they kept barnyard animals and enjoyed hunting trips. Almost immediately, Lombard wanted to start a family, but her attempts failed; after two miscarriages and numerous trips to fertility specialists, she was unable to have children. In early 1938, Lombard officially joined the Bahá’í Faith, of which her mother had been a member since 1922.

While continuing with a slower work-rate, Lombard decided to move away from comedies and return to dramatic roles.

 

She appeared in a second David O. Selznick production, Made for Each Other (1939), which paired her with James Stewart to play a couple facing domestic difficulties. Reviews for the film were highly positive, and praised Lombard’s dramatic effort; financially, it was a disappointment.

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Lombard’s next appearance came opposite Cary Grant in the John Cromwellromance In Name Only (1939), a credit she personally negotiated with RKO Radio Pictures upon hearing of the script and Grant’s involvement.

The role mirrored her recent experiences, as she played a woman in love with a married man whose wife refuses to divorce. She was paid $150,000 for the film, continuing her status as one of Hollywood’s highest-paid actresses, and it was a moderate success. Lombard was eager to win an Academy Award, and selected her next project — from several possible scripts — with the expectation that it would bring her the trophy.

Vigil in the Night (1940), directed by George Stevens, featured Lombard as a nurse who faces a series of personal difficulties.

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Although the performance was praised, she did not get her nomination, as the sombre mood of the picture turned audiences away and box-office returns were poor. Despite the realization that she was best suited to comedies, Lombard completed one more drama: They Knew What They Wanted (1940), co-starring Charles Laughton, which was mildly successful.

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Final roles (1941–1942)

Accepting that “my name doesn’t sell tickets to serious pictures”, Lombard returned to comedy for the first time in three years to film Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941), about a couple who learns that their marriage is invalid, with Robert Montgomery.

Lombard was influential in bringing Alfred Hitchcock, whom she knew through David O. Selznick, to direct one of his most atypical films. It was a commercial success, as audiences were happy with what Swindell calls “the belated happy news … that Carole Lombard was a screwball once more.”

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It was nearly a year before Lombard committed to another film, as she focused instead on her home and marriage. Determined that her next film be “an unqualified smash hit”, she was also careful in selecting a new project.

Through her agent, Lombard heard of Ernst Lubitsch‘s upcoming film: To Be or Not to Be (1942), a dark comedy that satirized the Nazi takeover of Poland.

The actress had long wanted to work with Lubitsch, her favorite comedy director, and felt that the material — although controversial — was a worthy subject. Lombard accepted the role of actress Maria Tura, despite it being a smaller part than she was used to, and was given top billing over the film’s lead, Jack Benny. Filming took place in the fall of 1941, and was reportedly one of the happiest experiences of Lombard’s career.

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Death

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When the U.S. entered World War II at the end of 1941, Lombard traveled to her home state of Indiana for a war bond rally with her mother, Bess Peters, and Clark Gable’s press agent, Otto Winkler.

Lombard was able to raise over $2 million ($35 million in 2016) in defense bonds in a single evening. Her party had initially been scheduled to return to Los Angeles by train, but Lombard was anxious to reach home more quickly and wanted to fly by a scheduled airline.

 

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Her mother and Winkler were both afraid of flying and insisted they follow their original travel plans. Lombard suggested they flip a coin; they agreed and Lombard won the toss.

In the early morning hours of January 16, 1942, Lombard, her mother, and Winkler boarded a Transcontinental and Western AirDouglas DST (Douglas Sleeper Transport) aircraft to return to California.

After refueling in Las Vegas, TWA Flight 3 took off at 7:07 p.m. and around 13 minutes later, crashed into “Double Up Peak” near the 8,300-foot (2,530 m) level of Potosi Mountain, 32 statute miles (51 km) southwest of Las Vegas. All 22 aboard, Lombard and her mother included, plus fifteen army servicemen, were killed instantly.

 

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Aftermath

 

Gable was flown to Las Vegas after learning of the tragedy to claim the bodies of his wife, mother-in-law, and Winkler, who aside from being his press agent, had been a close friend.

Lombard’s funeral was January 21 at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. She was interred beside her mother under the name of Carole Lombard Gable.

 

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Despite remarrying twice following her death, Gable chose to be interred beside Lombard when he died in 1960.

Lombard’s final film, To Be or Not to Be (1942), directed by Ernst Lubitsch and co-starring Jack Benny, a satire about Nazism and World War II, was in post-production at the time of her death.

The film’s producers decided to cut part of the film in which Lombard’s character asks, “What can happen on a plane?” out of respect for the circumstances surrounding her death.

When the film was released, it received mixed reviews, particularly about its controversial content, but Lombard’s performance was hailed as the perfect send-off to one of 1930s Hollywood’s most important stars.

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At the time of her death, Lombard had been scheduled to star in the film They All Kissed the Bride; when production started, she was replaced by Joan Crawford.

Crawford donated all of her salary for the film to the Red Cross, which had helped extensively in the recovery of bodies from the air crash. Shortly after Lombard’s death, Gable, who was inconsolable and devastated by his loss, joined the United States Army Air Forces.

Lombard had asked him to do that numerous times after the United States had entered World War II. After officer training, Gable headed a six-man motion picture unit attached to a B-17 bomb group in England to film aerial gunners in combat, flying five missions himself.

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In December 1943, the United States Maritime Commission announced that a Liberty ship named after Carole Lombard would be launched. Gable attended the launch of the SS Carole Lombard on January 15, 1944, the two-year anniversary of Lombard’s record-breaking war bond drive.

The ship was involved in rescuing hundreds of survivors from sunken ships in the Pacific and returning them to safety.In 1962, Mrs. Jill Winkler Rath, widow of publicist Otto Winkler, filed a $100,000 lawsuit against the $2,000,000 estate of Clark Gable in connection with Winkler’s death in the plane crash with Carole Lombard.

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The suit was dismissed in Los Angeles Superior Court. Mrs. Rath, in her action, claimed Gable promised to provide financial aid for her if she would not bring suit against the airline involved.

Mrs. Rath stated she later learned that Gable settled his claim against the airline for $10. He did so because he did not want to repeat his grief in court and subsequently provided her no financial aid in his will.

Assessment and legacy

Author Robert D. Matzen has cited Lombard as “among the most commercially successful and admired film personalities in Hollywood in the 1930s”, and feminist writer June Sochen believes that Lombard “demonstrated great knowledge of the mechanics of film making”.

George Raft, her co-star in Bolero, was extremely fond of the actress, remarking “I truly loved Carole Lombard. She was the greatest girl that ever lived and we were the best of pals. Completely honest and outspoken, she was liked by everyone”.

 

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Lombard was particularly noted for the zaniness of her performances, described as a “natural prankster, a salty tongued straight-shooter, a feminist precursor and one of the few stars who was beloved by the technicians and studio functionaries who worked with her”.

Life magazine noted that her film personality transcended to real life, “her conversation, often brilliant, is punctuated by screeches, laughs, growls, gesticulations and the expletives of a sailor’s parrot”.

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Graham Greene praised the “heartbreaking and nostalgic melodies” of her faster-than-thought delivery. “Platinum blonde, with a heart-shaped face, delicate, impish features and a figure made to be swathed in silver lamé, Lombard wriggled expressively through such classics of hysteria as Twentieth Century and My Man Godfrey.”

In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Lombard 23rd on its list of the 25 greatest American female screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6930 Hollywood Blvd. Lombard received one Academy Award for Best Actress nomination, for My Man Godfrey.

VIGIL IN THE NIGHT, Carole Lombard, 1940

Actresses who have portrayed her in films include Jill Clayburgh in Gable and Lombard (1976), Sharon Gless in Moviola: The Scarlett O’Hara War (1980), Denise Crosby in Malice in Wonderland (1985), Anastasia Hille in RKO 281 (1999) and Vanessa Gray in Lucy (2003).

Lombard’s Fort Wayne childhood home has been designated a historic landmark. The city named the nearby bridge over the St. Mary’s River the Carole Lombard Memorial Bridge.

 

Filmography

Carole Lombard 24

References

Notes

  1. Jump up^ The automobile accident happened in 1925; Lombard was in a car with a friend, stopped at a red light, when the car in front of them rolled backward, hit their car, and caused the windshield to shatter.[21]
  2. Jump up^ In her lifetime, the media reported that Lombard added the extra “e” to Carol at the advice of a numerologist.[37] She denied this to Garson Kanin, saying, “That’s a lot of bunk.”[38] Some of the Mack Sennett shorts had already used the spelling “Carole”, but this is thought to have been an accident.[37] Her name was not consistently billed and reported with this spelling until 1930.[39] She legally changed her name to “Carole Lombard” in 1936.[40]
  3. Jump up^ At the time, Lombard was married to Powell (and told Kanin she was “on my ear about a different number at that time”)[51] while Gable was married to Rhea Langham and having an affair with Joan Crawford.[52]
  4. Jump up^ It Happened One Night went on to be a major success and won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Claudette Colbert in the role that Lombard would have played.[58]
  5. Jump up^ Hawks recalled, “She acted like a schoolgirl … and she was stiff, she would try to imagine a character and then act according to her imaginings instead of being herself.” When he felt that Lombard had overcome this in a scene, he said to Barrymore, “you’ve just seen a girl that’s probably going to be a big star, and if we can just keep her from acting, we’ll have a hell of a picture.”[64]
  6. Jump up^ At the Academy Awards ceremony, Lombard was announced as the nominee with the second-highest number of votes. The award went to Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld.[76]
  7. Jump up^ Gable had to give Langham $350,000 in cash plus additional property, leading to a total settlement worth more than half a million.[97] The expense of the divorce contributed to Gable’s agreement to portray Rhett Butler in Gone With the Wind.[98]
  8. Jump up^ Rumors at this time stated that Gable and Lombard were experiencing marital difficulties; in 1941, they put their home up for sale, but soon took it off the market, which was taken as evidence that they had separated and then reconciled. Lombard was also eager to get pregnant, but had difficulty conceiving.[116]
  9. Jump up^ The Douglas DST or Douglas Sleeper Transport was an airliner with either 24 passenger seats in daytime operation or fitted out with 16 sleeper bunks in the cabin.[120]

Carole Lombard 25

Citations

  1. Jump up^ Indiana, Birth Certificates, 1907-1940
  2. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 19.
  3. Jump up^ Matzen 1988, p. 1; Gehring 2003, p. 19.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 23.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b Ott 1972, p. 16.
  6. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 25.
  7. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 20.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, pp. 27–28.
  9. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 17.
  10. Jump up^ Matzen 1988, p. 5.
  11. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 29.
  12. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 39–41.
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c Matzen 1988, p. 6.
  14. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 44–45.
  15. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 40.
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 46.
  17. Jump up^ Matzen 1988, p. 6; Gehring 2003, p. 47.
  18. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 18; 49.
  19. Jump up^ Matzen 1988, p. 6; Ott 1972, p. 19.
  20. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 48–50.
  21. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 49.
  22. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 53–54.
  23. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 55–60.
  24. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 20; Gehring 2003, p. 53.
  25. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 57–58; Ott 1972, p. 20.
  26. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 59.
  27. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 61.
  28. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 65–66.
  29. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 65.
  30. Jump up^ “Carole Gets Her Own Way”. Silver Screen. May–October 1934. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  31. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 22.
  32. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 65; Ott 1972, p. 22.
  33. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 72.
  34. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 68–69.
  35. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 23.
  36. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 77.
  37. ^ Jump up to:a b c Gehring 2003, pp. 78–79.
  38. Jump up^ Kanin 1974, p. 59.
  39. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 46.
  40. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 205.
  41. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 83.
  42. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 85.
  43. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 83; Matzen 1988, p. 11.
  44. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 87.
  45. ^ Jump up to:a b Ott 1972, p. 24.
  46. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 90–91.
  47. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 91.
  48. ^ Jump up to:a b Ott 1972, p. 25.
  49. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 197; Gehring 2003, p. 98.
  50. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 97–100; 102 (for quote).
  51. ^ Jump up to:a b Kanin 1974, p. 61.
  52. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 101.
  53. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 92–93.
  54. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 102; 105.
  55. ^ Jump up to:a b Gehring 2003, p. 110.
  56. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 26.
  57. Jump up^ MacBride 2000, p. 303.
  58. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 103.
  59. Jump up^ Hawks 2005, p. 147.
  60. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 26; Gehring 2003, p. 111.
  61. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 121, 123; Ott 1972, p. 28.
  62. Jump up^ Bogdanovich 2012, p. 466.
  63. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 118.
  64. ^ Jump up to:a b Ott 1972, p. 27.
  65. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 120–121.
  66. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 117.
  67. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 122–123.
  68. ^ Jump up to:a b Ott 1972, p. 28.
  69. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 133; Gehring 2003, p. 127.
  70. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 127.
  71. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 135.
  72. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 136–137.
  73. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 132, 93–95.
  74. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 133, 137, 139.
  75. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 140.
  76. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 168.
  77. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 29; Gehring 2003, pp. 140–142.
  78. Jump up^ Haver 1980, p. 214; Swindell 1975, p. 220.
  79. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 201.
  80. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 9.
  81. Jump up^ Haver 1980, p. 214.
  82. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 232.
  83. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 153.
  84. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 154–156.
  85. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 158.
  86. Jump up^ Haver 1980, pp. 214–215.
  87. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 30, 148–149.
  88. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 154, 161–162.
  89. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 226.
  90. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 163–166; Swindell 1975, pp. 225, 228.
  91. Jump up^ Ott 1972, p. 30.
  92. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 237; Gehring 2003, pp. 174–175.
  93. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 236–237; Gehring 2003, pp. 173.
  94. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 191–194.
  95. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 200, 205; Gehring 2003, pp. 168.
  96. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 199, 213.
  97. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 238.
  98. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 180.
  99. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, p. 184.
  100. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 31–32.
  101. Jump up^ E. J. Manning: The Fixers – Eddie Mannix, Howard Strickling and the MGM Publicity Machine, p. 200. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  102. Jump up^ Matzen, Robert. “The Weaver”. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
  103. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 175, 181.
  104. Jump up^ Ott 1972, pp. 158–159.
  105. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 246; Gehring 2003, pp. 181–183; 189; Ott 1972, p. 160.
  106. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 252–253.
  107. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 188–189; Swindell 1975.
  108. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 258, 260.
  109. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 261.
  110. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 190, 200; Swindell 1975, p. 261, 271.
  111. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 272.
  112. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 274.
  113. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 279.
  114. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 280.
  115. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, p. 283.
  116. Jump up^ Swindell 1975, pp. 284–287.
  117. ^ Jump up to:a b Swindell 1975, pp. 290–291.
  118. Jump up^ Gehring 2003, pp. 215–216.
  119. Jump up^ Kulzer, Dina-Marie. “Carole Lombard: Lovable Madcap.” Classic Hollywood Bios.
  120. Jump up^ “Sleeping Car of the Air Has Sixteen Sleeping Berths”. Popular Mechanics, January 1936.
  121. Jump up^ Cohen 1991, p. 347.
  122. Jump up^ “Clark Gable joins search for plane wreckage holding fate of Carole Lombard and 21 others”. Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). United Press. January 17, 1942. p. 1.
  123. ^ Jump up to:a b “Carole Lombard”. findagrave.com, December 30, 2012.
  124. Jump up^ Brooks Brooks 2006, p. 104.
  125. Jump up^ Ford 2011, p. 41.
  126. Jump up^ “Tribute to Carole Lombard” (December 29, 1943).The Stars and Stripes, p. 4.
  127. Jump up^ “WIDOW GETS ZERO”. Variety 226.10 (May 2, 1962): 5.
  128. Jump up^ “Woman Suing Gable Estate For $100,000”. The Hartford Courant. August 18, 1961.
  129. Jump up^ Matzen 1988.
  130. Jump up^ Sochen 1999, p. 95.
  131. Jump up^ Yablonsky 2000, p. 95.
  132. Jump up^ Balio 1995, p. 276; Mitchell 2001, p. 16.
  133. ^ Jump up to:a b Gordon, Jim (May 1, 2005). “Fort Wayne home to ‘Profane Angel'”. The Post-Tribune, accessed via HighBeam Research (subscription required). Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  134. Jump up^ LIFE. Time Inc. October 17, 1938. p. 50. ISSN 0024-3019.
  135. Jump up^ Koenig, Rhoda (June 24, 2005). “The Queen of Comedy”. The Independent. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
  136. Jump up^ “America’s greatest legends” (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved April 4,2014.
  137. Jump up^ Shearer 2006, p. 533.
  138. Jump up^ Erens 1988, p. 361.
  139. Jump up^ Gallo, Phil (May 1, 2003). “Review:’Lucy'”. Variety. Retrieved April 4, 2014.

Carole Lombard 28

Bibliography

Adam, Beverly Two Lovers: the love story of Carole Lombard and Russ Columbo. Createspace, November, 2016. ISBN 9781532756719

Carole Lombard 26

Other links

Marian Marsh


Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Marian Marsh (October 17, 1913 – November 9, 2006) was a Trinidad-born American film actress, and later, environmentalist.

Early life

Violet Ethelred Krauth was born on October 17, 1913 in Trinidad, British West Indies (now Trinidad and Tobago), the youngest of four children of a German chocolate manufacturer and his FrenchEnglish wife.

Due to World War I, Violet’s father moved his family to Boston, Massachusetts. By the time she was ten, the family had relocated to Hollywood, California. Her older sister, an actress who went by the name of Jean Fenwick, landed a job as a contract player with FBO Studios.

Jean Fenwick

Violet attended Le Conte Junior High School and Hollywood High School. In 1928 Violet was approached by silent screen actress Nance O’Neil who offered her speech and movement lessons, and with her sister Jean’s help, Violet soon entered the movies. She secured a contract with Pathé where she was featured in many short subjects under the name Marilyn Morgan.

Marian Marsh as Marilyn Morgan

Marian Marsh as Marilyn Morgan

She was seen in a small roles in Howard Hughes‘s classic Hell’s Angels (1930) and Eddie Cantor‘s lavish Technicolor musical Whoopee! (1930). Not long afterwards, she was signed by Warner Bros. and her name was changed to Marian Marsh.

Marian Marsh and Howard Hughes

Marian Marsh in Whoopee (1930)

Hollywood success

In 1931, after appearing in a number of short films, Marsh landed one of her most important roles in Svengali opposite John Barrymore. Marsh was chosen by Barrymore, himself, for the role of “Trilby”. Barrymore, who had selected her partly because she resembled his wife, coached her performance throughout the picture’s filming. Svengali was based on the 1894 novel Trilby written by George du Maurier. A popular play, likewise entitled Trilby, followed in 1895.

Marian Marsh and John Barrymore in Svengali (1931)

Marian Marsh and John Barrymore in Svengali (1931)

In the film version, Marsh plays the artist’s model Trilby, who is transformed into a great opera star by the sinister hypnotist, Svengali. The word “Svengali'” has entered the English language, defining a person who, with sometimes evil intent, tries to persuade another to do what he desires.

Marsh was awarded the title of WAMPAS Baby Stars in August 1931 even before her second movie with Warner Brothers was released. With her ability to project warmth, sincerity and inner strength on the screen along with critical praise and the audience’s approval of Svengali, she continued to star in a string of successful films for Warner Bros. including Five Star Final (1931) with Edward G. Robinson, The Mad Genius (1931) with Barrymore, The Road to Singapore (1931) with William Powell, The Sport Parade (1932) with Joel McCrea Beauty and the Boss (1932) with Warren William, and Under 18 (again with William).

In 1932, in the midst of a grueling work schedule, Marsh left Warner Bros. and took several film offers in Europe which lasted until 1934. She enjoyed working in England and Germany, as well as vacationing several times in Paris. Back in the United States, she appeared as the heroine, Elnora, in a popular adaptation of the perennial favorite A Girl of the Limberlost (1934).

In 1935, Marsh signed a two-year pact with Columbia Pictures. During this time, she starred in such films as Josef von Sternberg‘s classic Crime and Punishment(1935) with Peter Lorre, The Black Room (1935) regarded as one of Boris Karloff‘s best horror films of the decade, and The Man Who Lived Twice (1936) with Ralph Bellamy.

When her contract expired in 1936, Marsh once again freelanced; appearing steadily in movies for RKO Radio Pictures where she made Saturday’s Heroes with Van Heflin, and for Paramount Pictures where she played a young woman caught up in a mystery in The Great Gambini (1937). She appeared with comic Joe E. Brown in When’s Your Birthday? (1937), and Richard Arlen in Missing Daughters (1939). In the 1940s, Marsh played the wife in Gentleman from Dixie (1941) and, in her last screen appearance, Marsh portrayed the daughter in House of Errors (1942) which starred veteran silent film actor, Harry Langdon.

In the late 1950s, she appeared with John Forsythe in an episode of his TV series Bachelor Father and in an episode of the TV series Schlitz Playhouse of Stars before retiring in 1959.

Personal life

Marsh married a stockbroker named Albert Scott on March 29, 1938 and had two children with him. They divorced in 1959. In 1960, Marsh married Cliff Henderson, an aviation pioneer and entrepreneur whom she had met in the early 1930s. They moved to Palm Desert, California, a town Henderson founded in the 1940s.

In the 1960s Marsh founded Desert Beautiful, a non-profit, all volunteer conservation organization to promote environmental and beautification programs.

Cliff Henderson died in 1984 and Marsh remained in Palm Desert until her death, aged 93. She is buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.

Legacy

  • October 17, 2015 was designated as Marian Marsh-Henderson Day by the city of Palm Desert, California.

Partial filmography

References

Una Merkel


Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Una Merkel (December 10, 1903 – January 2, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actress.

Merkel was born in Kentucky and acted on stage in New York in the 1920s. She went to Hollywood in 1930 and became a popular film actress. Two of her best-known performances are in the films 42nd Street and Destry Rides Again. She won a Tony award in 1956, and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1961.

Una Merkel in 42nd Street promo

Una Merkel with Marlene Dietrich in Destry Rides Again

Life and career

Una Merkel was born in Covington, Kentucky, to Arno Merkel and Bessie Phares but in her early childhood, she lived in many of the Southern United States due to her father’s job as a traveling salesman.

At the age of 15, her parents and she moved to Philadelphia. They stayed there a year or so before settling in New York City, where she began attending the Alviene School of Dramatic Art.

Una Merkel aged 4

Because of her strong resemblance to actress Lillian Gish, Merkel was offered a part as Gish’s youngest sister in a silent film called World Shadows.

Unfortunately, the public never saw the film because funding for it dried up, and it was never completed. Merkel went on to appear in a few silent films during the silent era, several of them for the Lee Bradford Corporation. She also appeared in the two-reel Love’s Old Sweet Song (1923), which was made by Lee DeForest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process and starred Louis Wolheim and Helen Weir.

Not making much of a mark in films, Merkel turned her attention to the theater and found work in several important plays on Broadway. Her biggest triumph was in Coquette (1927), which starred her idol, Helen Hayes.

Invited to Hollywood by famous director D. W. Griffith to play Ann Rutledge in his Abraham Lincoln (1930), Merkel was a big success in the “talkies”. During the 1930s, she became a popular second lead in a number of films, usually playing the wisecracking best friend of the heroine, supporting actresses such as Jean Harlow, Carole Lombard, Loretta Young, and Eleanor Powell.

Una Merkel with Walter Huston in Abraham Lincoln

With her Kewpie-doll looks, strong Southern accent, and wry line delivery, Merkel enlivened scores of films in the 1930s. She even had the distinction of playing Sam Spade‘s secretary in the original 1931 version of The Maltese Falcon. Merkel was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player from 1932 to 1938, appearing in as many as 12 films in a year, often on loan-out to other studios. She was also often cast as leading lady to a number of actors in their starring pictures, including Jack Benny, Harold Lloyd, Franchot Tone, and Charles Butterworth.

Una Merkel with Ricardo Cortez in The Maltese Falcon

In 42nd Street (1933), Merkel played a streetwise show girl who was Ginger Rogers‘ character’s buddy. In the famous “Shuffle Off to Buffalo” number, Merkel and Rogers sang the verse: “Matrimony is baloney. She’ll be wanting alimony in a year or so./Still they go and shuffle, shuffle off to Buffalo.” Merkel appeared in both the 1934 and the 1952 film versions of The Merry Widow, playing different roles in each.

One of her most famous roles was in the Western comedy Destry Rides Again (1939) in which her character, Lily Belle, gets into a famous “cat-fight” with Frenchie (Marlene Dietrich) over the possession of her husband’s trousers, won by Frenchie in a crooked card game. She played the elder daughter to the W. C. Fields character, Egbert Sousé, in the 1940 film The Bank Dick. Her film career went into decline during the 1940s, although she continued working in smaller productions. In 1950, she was leading lady to William Bendix in the baseball comedy Kill the Umpire, which was a surprise hit.

42nd Street Promo

Una Merkel and Ernst Lubitsch on the set of The Merry Widow

She made a comeback as a middle-aged woman playing mothers and maiden aunts, and in 1956 won a Tony Award for her role on Broadway in The Ponder Heart. She had a major part in the MGM 1959 film The Mating Game as Paul Douglas‘ wife and Debbie Reynolds‘s mother, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Summer and Smoke (1961). She was also featured as Brian Keith‘s housekeeper, Verbena, in the Walt Disney comedy The Parent Trap in 1961. Her final film role was opposite Elvis Presley in Spinout.

Una Merkel and Elvis Presley 1950s

Personal life

On March 5, 1945, Merkel was nearly killed when her mother Bessie, with whom she was sharing an apartment in New York City, committed suicide by gassing herself. Merkel was overcome by the five gas jets her mother had turned on in their kitchen and was found unconscious in her bedroom.

On March 4, 1952, nearly seven years to the day that Merkel’s mother committed suicide, Merkel overdosed on sleeping pills. She was found unconscious by a nurse who was caring for her at the time and remained in a coma for a day.

Merkel was a lifelong practicing Methodist.

Marriage

Merkel was married once and had no children. She married North American Aviation executive Ronald L. Burla in 1932. They separated in April 1944. Merkel filed for divorce on December 19, 1946 in Miami, and it was granted in March 1947.

Death

On January 2, 1986, Merkel died in Los Angeles at the age of 82. She is buried near her parents, Arno and Bessie Merkel, in Highland Cemetery in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Una Merkel has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (6230 Hollywood Boulevard). In 1991, a historical marker was dedicated to her in her hometown of Covington, KY.

Filmography

Features

Short subjects

References

  1. Jump up^ Kentucky. Birth Records, 1847-1911
  2. Jump up^ Reid, Alexander (5 January 1986), “Una Merket Dies at Age of 82; From Silent Films to a Tony”, The New York Times, p. 24
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b “Una Merkel Lies In Coma After Pill Overdose”. Star-News. Wilmington, North Carolina. March 4, 1952. p. 4. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  4. Jump up^ “Una Merkel in Death Escape”. Lodi News-Sentinel. Lodi, California. March 6, 1945. p. 8. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  5. Jump up^ “Una Merkel Recovering”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia. March 6, 1952. p. 3. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  6. Jump up^ kyumc.org/events/detail/1806
  7. Jump up^ “About FUMC”. First United Methodist Church, Eunice, Louisiana.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b Folkart, Burt A. (January 4, 1986). “Una Merkel, Movie, Stage Actress, Dies”. latimes.com. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  9. Jump up^ “Divorce Is Sought By Una Merkel”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. December 3, 1946. p. 2. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b “Una Merkel Files Suit on Back Alimony”. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 6, 1947. p. 2.
  11. Jump up^ “Actress Una Merkel dies”. The Evening News. Newburgh, New York. January 5, 1986. p. 2A. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  12. Jump up^ Tenkotte, Paul A.; Claypool, James C., eds. (2015). The Encyclopedia of Northern Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky. p. 615. ISBN 0-813-15996-2.
  13. Jump up^ “Hollywood Star Walk: Una Merkel”. latimes.com. Retrieved March 22, 2015.

Further reading

  • Kinder, Larry Sean. Una Merkel: The Actress With Sassy Wit and Southern Charm. Albany, GA: BearManor Media, 2016.

Classic Films Streaming on Film Dialogue Channel


Night World 1

We have some exciting news to share with all of our readers!

Last month we had successfully tested a new platform on Watch2Gether which will enable us to screen a variety of classic films in real time.

In addition to our already popular Cinematheque Live, from 1st of March 2018 we will be screening a selection of classic films. They will be streamed in our Film Dialogue Room on Watch2Gether.

https://www.watch2gether.com/users/4os9hiz43tysl7c1-basic

Please note that we no longer stream films on Rabbit, as the company ceased trading in July 2019.

Charley Chase 4

We love watching, discussing and analysing films and for the first time, our screenings will give us an opportunity to discuss everything in real time. You will need to have your audio/video enabled in order to participate.

Our screenings will be scheduled and organised in a Film Season format.

Our current Film Seasons are:

  • Pre Code Films
  • Film Noir
  • Silent Classics
  • Classic Comedy
  • Animation Greats
  • Experimental Films
  • Film History Documentaries

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Some of our screenings will have special guests, introductions and post-screening discussions.

Let us know if there are any other Film Seasons that you may wish to see. Also if there are any particular films that you would like to watch and discuss with us.

We hope you will enjoy our new format for watching and discussing films! See you in our Film Dialogue Room very soon!

To join us for the scheduled screenings please click on the link below:

https://www.watch2gether.com/users/4os9hiz43tysl7c1-basic

You can also watch our Film Seasons on Film Dialogue Cinematheque Channel. Visit our Daily Playlists for instant access to our seasons.

Film Dialogue Cinematheque – Daily Playlists:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-7oly3vWjf3TZBpIO1mUVA?

 

Daniel B Miller

Film Dialogue

Employees Entrance 1

Dark Corner 1

While the City Sleeps 1

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Tex Avery 1

Experiemnetal Film Posters 1

Hollywood Pioneers 1

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Loretta Young


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Loretta Young 1

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Prepared by Daniel B Miller

Loretta Young (January 6, 1913 – August 12, 2000) was an American actress and singer.

Starting as a child actress, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953. She won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the 1947 film The Farmer’s Daughter and received an Oscar nomination for her role in Come to the Stable in 1949.

Young moved to the relatively new medium of television, where she had a dramatic anthology seriesThe Loretta Young Show, from 1953 to 1961. The series earned three Emmy Awards and was rerun successfully on daytime TV and later in syndication.

In the 1980s, Young returned to the small screen and won a Golden Globe for her role in Christmas Dove in 1986. Young, a devout Roman Catholic,[1][2] worked with various Catholic charities after her acting career.[1][3]

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Loretta Young 15

Loretta Young 6

Early life

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Loretta Young

She was born Gretchen Young in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of Gladys (née Royal) and John Earle Young.[4][5] At confirmation, she took the name Michaela. When she was two years old, her parents separated, and when she was three, her family and she moved to Hollywood. Her sisters Polly Ann and Elizabeth Jane (better known as Sally Blane) and she worked as child actresses, but of the three, Gretchen was the most successful.

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The Primrose Ring (Robert Z Leonard, 1917) – Loretta Young’s First Film Role

Young’s first role was at the age of three, in the silent film The Primrose Ring. During her high-school years, she was educated at Ramona Convent Secondary School. She was signed to a contract by John McCormick (1893–1961), the husband and manager of the actress Colleen Moore, who saw the young girl’s potential.[6] The name Loretta was given to her by Moore, who later explained that it was the name of her favorite doll.[7]

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Loretta Young aged 14

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Loretta Young aged 15

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Loretta Young aged 15

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Loretta Young aged 14

Career

Film

Young was billed as Gretchen Young in the silent film Sirens of the Sea (1917). She was first billed as Loretta Young in 1928, in The Whip Woman. That same year, she co-starred with Lon Chaney in the MGM film Laugh, Clown, Laugh. The next year, she was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars.[8]

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Sirens of the Sea (Allen Holubar, 1917) billed as Gretchen Young

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The Whip Woman (Allan Dwan, 1928) first billed as Loretta Young

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Laugh Clown Laugh (Herbert Brenon, 1928) Loretta Young with Lon Chaney

Her silent films were followed up by a string of very successful Pre Code features. They included The Squall (Alexander Korda, 1929), Three Girls Lost (Sidney Lanfield, 1931), The Right of Way (Frank Lloyd, 1931), Platinum Blonde (Frank Capra, 1931), The Way of Life AKA They Call It Sin (Thornton Freeland, 1932), Taxi (Roy Del Ruth, 1932), Play Girl (Ray Enright, 1932), Working Wives AKA Week-End Marriage (Thornton Freeland, 1932), The Devil’s In Love (William Dieterle, 1933).

Young excelled in two seminal Pre Code films – Heroes for Sale (William Wellman, 1933) and Employees’ Entrance (Roy Del Ruth, 1933) and her deeply emotional performances helped her in becoming a major studio star.

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Loretta Young in Squall (Alexander Korda, 1929)

Loretta Young with John Wayne in Three Girls Lost (Sidney Lanfield, 1931)

Loretta Young with Conrad Nagel in The Right Of Way (Frank Lloyd, 1931)

Loretta Young with Robert Williams and Jean Harlow in Platinum Blonde (Frank Capra, 1931)

Loretta Young with George Brent and Una Merkel in They Call It Sin AKA The Way of Life (Thornton Freeland, 1932)

Loretta Young with James Cagney in Taxi (Roy Del Ruth,1932)

Loretta Young with Norman Foster and Winnie Lightner in Play Girl (Ray Enright, 1932)

Loretta Young with Norman Foster and Aline MacMahon in Working Wives AKA Week-End Marriage (Thornton Freeland, 1932)

Loretta Young with Victor Jory and Vivienne Osborne in The Devil’s In Love (William Dieterle, 1933)

Loretta Young with Richard Barthelmess and Aline MacMahon in Heroes For Sale (William Wellman, 1933)

 

Loretta Young with Warren William and Wallace Ford in Employees’ Entrance (Roy Del Ruth, 1933)

In 1930, when she was 17, she eloped with the 26-year-old actor Grant Withers; they were married in Yuma, Arizona. The marriage was annulled the next year, just as their second movie together (ironically entitled Too Young to Marry) was released.

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Loretta Young and Grant Withers

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The Second Floor Mystery (Roy Del Ruth, 1930) Loretta Young and Grant Withers

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Loretta Young and Grant Withers

In 1935, she co-starred with Clark Gable and Jack Oakie in the film version of Jack London’s The Call of the Wild, directed by William Wellman.

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Loretta Young and Clark Gable in Call of the Wild  (William Wellman, 1935)

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Loretta Young and Clark Gable in Call of the Wild  (William Wellman, 1935)

1935, THE CALL OF THE WILD

Loretta Young and Clark Gable in Call of the Wild  (William Wellman, 1935)

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Loretta Young and Clark Gable in Call of the Wild  (William Wellman, 1935)

During World War II, Young made Ladies Courageous (1944; reissued as Fury in the Sky), the fictionalized story of the Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron. It depicted a unit of female pilots who flew bomber planes from the factories to their final destinations. Young made as many as eight movies a year.

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Ladies Courageous AKA Fury in the Sky (John Rawlins, 1944)

Ladies Courageous AKA Fury in the Sky (John Rawlins, 1944)

In 1947, she won an Oscar for her performance in The Farmer’s Daughter. That same year, she co-starred with Cary Grant and David Niven in The Bishop’s Wife, a perennial favorite. In 1949, she received another Academy Award nomination for Come to the Stable. In 1953, she appeared in her last theatrical film, It Happens Every Thursday, a Universal comedy about a New York couple who move to California to take over a struggling weekly newspaper; her costar was John Forsythe.

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Loretta Young with her Academy Award for The Farmer’s Daughter (HC Potter, 1947

Loretta Young in The Farmer’s Daughter (HC Potter, 1947)

Loretta Young in The Bishop’s Wife (Henry Koster, 1947)

Loretta Young in Come to the Stable (Henry Koster, 1949)

Loretta Young in It Happens Every Thursday (Joseph Pevney, 1953)

Television

Young hosted and starred in the well-received half-hour anthology television series Letter to Loretta (soon retitled The Loretta Young Show), which was originally broadcast from 1953 to 1961.

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She earned three Emmy awards for the program. Her trademark was a dramatic entrance through a living-room door in various high-fashion evening gowns. She returned at the program’s conclusion to offer a brief passage from the Bible or a famous quote that reflected upon the evening’s story.

(Young’s introductions and concluding remarks were not rerun on television because she legally stipulated that they not be, as she did not want the dresses she wore in those segments to make the program seem dated.) The program ran in prime time on NBC for eight years, the longest-running primetime network program hosted by a woman up to that time.[citation needed]

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Ancient Egypt Photograph – The Loretta Young Show, Aka Letter To by Everett

The program was based on the premise that each drama was in answer to a question asked in her fan mail. The title was changed to The Loretta Young Show during the first season (as of the episode of February 14, 1954), and the “letter” concept was dropped at the end of the second season. Towards the end of the second season, Young was hospitalized as a result of overwork, which required a number of guest hosts and guest stars; her first appearance in the 1955–56 season was for the Christmas show. From then on, Young appeared in only about half of each season’s shows as an actress and served as the program’s host for the remainder.

Minus Young’s introductions and conclusions, the series was rerun as the Loretta Young Theatre in daytime by NBC from 1960 to 1964. It also appeared in syndicationinto the early 1970s, before being withdrawn.

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In the 1962–1963 television season, Young appeared as Christine Massey, a freelance magazine writer and the mother of seven children, in The New Loretta Young Show, on CBS. It fared poorly in the ratings on Monday evenings against ABC‘s Ben Casey. It was dropped after one season of 26 episodes.[citation needed]

In the 1990s, selected episodes from Young’s personal collection, with the opening and closing segments (and original title) intact, were released on home video, and frequently were shown on cable television.[citation needed]

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On the set of The Loretta Young Show

Awards

In 1988, she received the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women, who through their endurance and the excellence of their work, helped to expand the role of women in the entertainment industry.[9]

Young has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for her work in television, at 6135 Hollywood Boulevard, and the other for her work in motion pictures, at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard.[10] In 2011, a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars, in Palm Springs, California, was dedicated to her.[11]

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Personal life

Young was married to the actor Grant Withers from 1930 to 1931.

From September 1933 to June 1934, she had a public affair with Spencer Tracy, her co-star in Man’s Castle.[12] She married the producer Tom Lewis in 1940; they divorced bitterly in the mid-1960s.

Lewis died in 1988. They had two sons, Peter Lewis (of the San Francisco rock band Moby Grape) and Christopher Lewis, a film director. Young married the fashion designer Jean Louis in 1993. He died in 1997. Young was godmother to Marlo Thomas (daughter of the TV star Danny Thomas).[13]

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With Grant Withers in Too Young To Marry  (Mervyn LeRoy, 1931)

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With Spencer Tracy in Man’s Castle (Frank Borzage, 1933)

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With Tom Lewis on their wedding day

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With Tom Lewis and children

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With her last husband Jean Louis 

Pregnancy by Clark Gable

Young and Clark Gable were the romantic leads of the 1935 Twentieth Century Pictures film The Call of the Wild, which was filmed early in that year. Young was then 22 years old, while Gable was 34 and married (to Maria “Ria” Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham). During the filming, Gable impregnated Young.

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Loretta Young with Clark Gable

For the next 80 years, those who knew of Gable’s paternity widely assumed the pregnancy to be the result of an affair between the two. However, in 2015, Linda Lewis, Young’s daughter-in-law (and Christopher Lewis’s wife) stated publicly that, in 1998, Young told Lewis that Gable had raped her and that, though the two had flirted on set, there had been no affair and no intimate contact save for that one incident.[14]

Young had not revealed the information before to anyone. According to Lewis, Young only stated it after having learned of the concept of date rape; she had previously always believed that it was a woman’s job to fend off men’s amorous advances and had felt the fact that Gable had been able to force himself on her was thus a moral failing on her part.[14]

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Loretta Young with Clark Gable

Young, her sisters and her mother came up with a plan to hide the pregnancy and then pass off the child as an adopted child.[14] Young did not want to damage her career or Gable’s, and she knew that, if Twentieth Century Pictures found out about the pregnancy, they would try to pressure her to have an abortion, which Young, a devout Catholic, considered a mortal sin.[14]

When the pregnancy began to show, Young went on a “vacation” to England, and several months later returned to California. Shortly before the birth, she gave an interview from her bed, covered in blankets, stating that her long movie absence was due to a condition she had had since childhood. Young gave birth to Judith Young on November 6, 1935, in a house that she and her mother owned in Venice, California. Young named Judith after St. Jude, because he was the patron saint of (among other things) difficult situations.[14]

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Loretta Young and her daughter Judith

Three weeks later, Young returned to moviemaking. After several months of living in the house in Venice, Judy was transferred to St. Elizabeth’s, an orphanage outside Los Angeles. When she was 19 months old, her grandmother picked her up, and Young announced to gossip columnist Louella Parsons that she had adopted the infant.

Few in Hollywood were fooled by the ruse, and the child’s true parentage was widely rumored in entertainment circles. Young refused to confirm or comment publicly on the rumors until 1999, when Joan Wester Anderson wrote Young’s authorized biography. In interviews with Anderson for the book, Young stated that Judy was her biological child and the product of a brief affair with Gable.[15] The child was raised as Judy Lewis,[16] taking the last name of Young’s second husband.

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Loretta Young and Judith Lewis in 1960s

Judy Lewis wrote in her autobiography, Uncommon Knowledge, that some people made fun of her because of the prominent ears she had inherited from her father. She states that at seven she had an operation to “pin back” her large ears and that her mother always had her wear bonnets as a child.

In 1958, Lewis’s future husband, Joseph Tinney, told her “everybody” knew that Gable was her biological father. The only time she remembered Gable visiting her was once at her home when she was a teenager; she had no idea he was her biological father.

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Loretta Young, Clark Gable and Judy Lewis

Several years later he appeared on The Loretta Young Show after Young had been in hospital for several months. Lewis was an assistant and was right behind her mother when she noticed Gable. They never had a relationship, and she never saw him again.[17]Several years later, after becoming a mother herself, Lewis finally confronted her mother, who privately admitted the truth, stating that Judy was “a walking mortal sin.”[18]

Linda Lewis said the family stayed silent about the date rape claim until after both Loretta Young and Judy Lewis had died.[14]

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Judy Lewis

Politics

Young was a lifelong Republican.[19] In 1952, she appeared in radio, print, and magazine ads in support of Dwight D. Eisenhower in his campaign for President.

She attended his inauguration in 1953, along with Anita LouiseLouella ParsonsJane RussellDick PowellJune Allyson, and Lou Costello, among others.

She was a vocal supporter of Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns in 1968 and 1980, respectively.[20] Young was also an active member of the Hollywood Republican Committee, with her close friend Irene Dunne and Ginger RogersWilliam HoldenGeorge MurphyFred Astaire, and John Wayne.[21]

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Loretta Young with John Wayne, Lew Cody and Joan Marsh – promo for Three Girls Lost (Sidney Lanfield, 1931)

 

Later life

From the time of Young’s retirement in the 1960s until not long before her death, she devoted herself to volunteer work for charities and churches with her friends of many years: Jane WymanIrene Dunne, and Rosalind Russell.[22] She was a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.[23] Young briefly came out of retirement to star in two television films, Christmas Eve (1986) and Lady in the Corner (1989).

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Loretta Young with Judy Lewis attending a charitable event

She won a Golden Globe Award for the former and was nominated again for the latter.[24]

In 1972, a jury in Los Angeles awarded Young $550,000 in a lawsuit against NBC for breach of contract. Filed in 1966, the suit contended that NBC had allowed foreign television outlets to rerun old episodes of The Loretta Young Show without excluding, as agreed by the parties, the opening segment in which Young made her entrance. Young testified that her image had been damaged by portraying her in “outdated gowns.” She had sought damages of $1.9 million.[25]

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Loretta Young in Christmas Eve (1986)

 

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Loretta Young in Lady in the Corner (1989)

Death

Young died of ovarian cancer on August 12, 2000, at the home of her half-sister, Georgiana Montalbán[26] (the wife of the actor Ricardo Montalban), in Santa Monica, California.

She was interred in the family plot in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Her ashes were buried in the grave of her mother, Gladys Belzer.[27][28] Her elder sisters had both died from cancer, as did her daughter, Judy Lewis, on November 25, 2011, at the age of 76.

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LORETTA YOUNG  ACTRESS 01 May 1952 CTC4878 Allstar/Cinetext/

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1917 The Primrose Ring Fairy Lost; uncredited
1917 Sirens of the Sea Child As Gretchen Young
1919 The Only Way Child on operating table
1921 White and Unmarried Child Uncredited
1921 The Sheik Arab child Extant; uncredited
1927 Naughty but Nice Bit part Lost; uncredited
1927 Her Wild Oat Bit by ping pong table Extant; uncredited
1928 The Whip Woman The Girl Lost
1928 Laugh, Clown, Laugh Simonetta Extant; made at MGM
1928 The Magnificent Flirt Denise Laverne Lost; made at Paramount Pictures
1928 The Head Man Carol Watts Lost
1928 Scarlet Seas Margaret Barbour Lost (Vitaphone track of music and effects survives)
1929 Seven Footprints to Satan One of Satan’s victims Extant; uncredited
1929 The Squall Irma Extant, in Library of Congress
1929 The Girl in the Glass Cage Gladys Cosgrove Lost
1929 Fast Life Patricia Mason Stratton Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1929 The Careless Age Muriel Lost
1929 The Forward Pass Patricia Carlyle Lost
1929 The Show of Shows “Meet My Sister” number Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Loose Ankles Ann Harper Berry Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 The Man from Blankley’s Margery Seaton Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1930 Show Girl in Hollywood Extant, in Library of Congress; uncredited
1930 The Second Floor Mystery Marion Ferguson Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Road to Paradise Mary Brennan/Margaret Waring Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Warner Bros. Jubilee Dinner Herself Short subject
1930 Kismet Marsinah Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1930 War Nurse Nurse Extant; made at MGM; uncredited (Young’s scenes deleted)
1930 The Truth About Youth Phyllis Ericson Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 The Devil to Pay! Dorothy Hope Extant; produced by Samuel Goldwyn; released by United Artists
1931 How I Play Golf, by Bobby Jones No. 8: “The Brassie” Herself Short subject
1931 Beau Ideal Isobel Brandon Extant; made at RKO
1931 The Right of Way Rosalie Evantural Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 The Stolen Jools Herself Short subject
1931 Three Girls Lost Norene McMann Extant
1931 Too Young to Marry Elaine Bumpstead Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 Big Business Girl Claie “Mac” McIntyre Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 I Like Your Nerve Diane Forsythe Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 The Ruling Voice Gloria Bannister Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 Platinum Blonde Gallagher
1932 Taxi! Sue Riley Nolan Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 The Hatchet Man Sun Toya San Extant, in Library of Congress; original title The Honorable Mr. Wong
1932 Play-Girl Buster “Bus” Green Dennis Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 Week-End Marriage Lola Davis Hayes Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 Life Begins Grace Sutton Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 They Call It Sin Marion Cullen Extant, in Library of Congress[29]
1933 Employees’ Entrance Madeleine Walters West Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Grand Slam Marcia Stanislavsky Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Zoo in Budapest Eve Extant
1933 The Life of Jimmy Dolan Peggy Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Heroes for Sale Ruth Loring Holmes Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Midnight Mary Mary Martin
1933 She Had to Say Yes Florence “Flo” Denny Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 The Devil’s in Love Margot Lesesne Extant
1933 Man’s Castle Trina Extant
1934 The House of Rothschild Julie Rothschild
1934 Born to Be Bad Letty Strong
1934 Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back Lola Field
1934 Caravan Countess Wilma
1934 The White Parade June Arden
1935 Clive of India Margaret Maskelyne Clive
1935 Shanghai Barbara Howard
1935 The Call of the Wild Claire Blake
1935 The Crusades Berengaria, Princess of Navarre
1935 Hollywood Extra Girl Herself Short subject
1936 The Unguarded Hour Lady Helen Dudley Dearden
1936 Private Number Ellen Neal
1936 Ramona Ramona
1936 Ladies in Love Susie Schmidt
1937 Love Is News Toni Gateson
1937 Café Metropole Laura Ridgeway
1937 Love Under Fire Myra Cooper
1937 Wife, Doctor and Nurse Ina Heath Lewis
1937 Second Honeymoon Vicky
1938 Four Men and a Prayer Miss Lynn Cherrington
1938 Three Blind Mice Pamela Charters
1938 Suez Countess Eugenie de Montijo
1938 Kentucky Sally Goodwin
1939 Wife, Husband and Friend Doris Borland
1939 The Story of Alexander Graham Bell Mrs. Mabel Hubbard Bell
1939 Eternally Yours Anita
1940 The Doctor Takes a Wife June Cameron
1940 He Stayed for Breakfast Marianna Duval
1941 The Lady from Cheyenne Annie Morgan
1941 The Men in Her Life Lina Varsavina
1941 Bedtime Story Jane Drake
1942 A Night to Remember Nancy Troy
1943 China Carolyn Grant
1943 Show Business at War Herself Short subject
1944 Ladies Courageous Roberta Harper Famously “a clef” biopic of the WWII WASPs, pioneering women pilots
1944 And Now Tomorrow Emily Blair
1945 Along Came Jones Cherry de Longpre
1946 The Stranger Mary Longstreet
1947 The Perfect Marriage Maggie Williams
1947 The Farmer’s Daughter Katrin “Katy” Holstrum Academy Award for Best Actress
1947 The Bishop’s Wife Julia Brougham
1948 Rachel and the Stranger Rachel Harvey
1949 The Accused Dr. Wilma Tuttle
1949 Mother Is a Freshman Abigail Fortitude Abbott
1949 Come to the Stable Sister Margaret Nominated for Academy Award for Best Actress
1950 Key to the City Clarissa Standish
1951 You Can Change the World Herself Short subject
1951 Cause for Alarm! Ellen Jones
1951 Half Angel Nora Gilpin
1951 Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Awards Herself Short subject
1952 Paula Paula Rogers
1952 Because of You Christine Carroll Kimberly
1953 It Happens Every Thursday Jane MacAvoy
1986 Christmas Eve Amanda Kingsley
1989 Lady in the Corner Grace Guthrie
1994 Life Along the Mississippi Narrator (voice)

Radio appearances

Year Program Episode/source
1940 The Campbell Playhouse Theodora Goes Wild[30]
1945 Cavalcade of America Children, This Is Your Father[30]
1947 Family Theater “Flight from Home”[30]
1950 Suspense “Lady Killer”[30]
1952 Lux Radio Theatre Come to the Stable[31]
1952 Family Theater “Heritage of Home”[32]

Loretta Young-1940

Loretta Young.tif

Loretta Young 19

Loretta Young 12

See also

References

  1. Jump up to:a b Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). Entertainment Celebrities. Trafford Publishing. p. 863. ISBN 1-4120-5335-8.
  2. Jump up^ Davis, Ronald L. (2001). Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-8061-3329-5.
  3. Jump up^ Lowe, Denise (2005). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women In Early American Films, 1895–1930. Psychology Press. p. 585. ISBN 0-7890-1843-8.
  4. Jump up^ Leading Ladies The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era. New York: Chronicle, 2006
  5. Jump up^ Spicer, Christopher J. “Clark Gable: Biography, Filmography, Bibliography”. Books.google.ca. p. 113. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  6. Jump up^ “Loretta Young”. Loretta Young. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  7. Jump up^ “Loretta Young Biography”. Bookrags.com. 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  8. Jump up^ Lowe, Denise (2005). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films, 1895–1930. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0-7890-1843-8.
  9. Jump up^ [1] Archived June 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. Jump up^ “Walk of Fame Stars: Loretta Young”. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  11. Jump up^ “Palm Springs Walk of Stars by Date Dedicated” (PDF). Palmspringswalkofstars.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-13. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  12. Jump up^ Curtis (2011), p. 210 for the beginning of the affair, pp. 213 and 215 for the public nature of the relationship, p. 235 for the breakup.
  13. Jump up^ “Loretta Young – (Movie Promo) by Marlo Thomas”. Tcm.com. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  14. Jump up to:a b c d e f Petersen, Anne Helen. “Clark Gable Accused of Raping Co-Star”. BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  15. Jump up^ Anderson, Joan Wester (November 2000). Forever Young: The Life, Loves, and Enduring Faith of a Hollywood Legend: The Authorized Biography of Loretta Young. Thomas More Publishing. ISBN 978-0883474679.
  16. Jump up^ アンジェリカルートとは. “アンジェリカルートとは”. Judy–lewis.com. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  17. Jump up^ Lewis, Judy (May 1994). Uncommon KnowledgePocket BooksISBN 978-0671700195.
  18. Jump up^ Interview with Judy Lewis. Girl 27 (documentary), 2007.
  19. Jump up^ Dick, Bernard. Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. pp. 197– 201.
  20. Jump up^ Dick, Bernard. Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. p. 202.
  21. Jump up^ Epstein, Edward (1986). Loretta Young: An Extraordinary Life. pp. 215–16.
  22. Jump up^ “Classic Hollywood 101: The BFF’s of Classic Hollywood”. Classichollywood101.blogspot.com. 2010-07-09. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  23. Jump up^ “Our History | Church of the Good Shepherd”. Goodshepherdbh.org. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  24. Jump up^ “Awards for Loretta Young”. IMDb.com. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  25. Jump up^ “Loretta Young Wins $559,000 Damages”. Oakland Tribune. January 18, 1972. p. 12.
  26. Jump up^ “Elegant Beauty Loretta Young Dies”. bbc.co.uk. 2000-08-12. Retrieved 2 May2010.
  27. Jump up^ Gary Wayne. “Holy Cross Cemetery, Part 2: Stars’ Graves”. Seeing-stars.com. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  28. Jump up^ Loretta Young at Find a Grave
  29. Jump up^ They Call It Sin at the American Film Institute Catalog
  30. Jump up to:a b c d “Those Were the Days”. Nostalgia Digest39 (1): 32–41. Winter 2013.
  31. Jump up^ Kirby, Walter (March 23, 1952). “Better Radio Programs for the Week”. Decatur Daily Review. p. 44. Retrieved May 21, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. open access publication – free to read
  32. Jump up^ Kirby, Walter (February 17, 1952). “Better Radio Programs for the Week”. Decatur Daily Review. p. 40. Retrieved June 1, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. open access publication – free to read

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Her First Affaire (1932)


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Her First Affaire (1932)

Her First Affaire 3

Director: Allan Dwan

Cast: Ida Lupino, George Curzon, Diana Napier, Harry Tate, Muriel Aked, Arnold Riches, Kenneth Kove, Helen Haye, Roland Culver

71 min  

Her First Affaire is a 1932 British drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Ida LupinoGeorge Curzon and Diana Napier.[1] It was based on a play by Merrill Rogers and Frederick J. Jackson.

Plot

A headstrong young girl falls completely for a writer of trashy novels, and insinuates herself into his household, all to the chagrin of her erstwhile fiancé.He conspires with the author’s wife to show the girl how foolish she’s been.

Her First Affaire 1

Cast

References

  1. Jump up^ “Her First Affaire (1932)”BFI. Retrieved 3 May 2016.

Her First Affaire 2

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Saturday Night Kid, The (1929)


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The Saturday Night Kid (1929)

Saturday Night Kid The 1

Saturday Night Kid The 3

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Director: A Edward Sutherland

Cast: Clara Bow, Jean Arthur, James Hall, Jean Arthur, Edna May Arthur, Charles Sellon, Ethel Wales, Jean Harlow

63 min

The Saturday Night Kid is a 1929 American Pre-Code romantic comedy film about two sisters and the man they both want. It stars Clara BowJean ArthurJames Hall, and in her first credited role, Jean Harlow. The film was based on the play Love ‘Em and Leave ‘Em (1926) by George Abbott and John V. A. Weaver. The movie still survives. The film was preserved by the UCLA Film & Television Archive with funding by Clara Bow biographer David Stenn.

Saturday Night Kid The 2

Plot

Set in May 1929, the film focuses on two sisters – Mayme (Clara Bow) and Janie (Jean Arthur) – as they share an apartment in New York City. In daytime, they work as salesgirls at the Ginsberg’s department store, and at night they vie for the attention of their colleague Bill (James Hall) and fight over Janie’s selfish and reckless behavior, such as stealing Mayme’s clothes and hitchhiking to work with strangers.

Bill prefers Mayme over Janie and constantly shows his affection for her. This upsets Janie, who schemes to break up the couple.

One day at work, Bill is promoted to floorwalker, while Janie is made treasurer of the benefit pageant. Mayme, however, is not granted a promotion, but gets heavily criticized for constantly being late at work by the head of personnel, Miss Streeter (Edna May Oliver).

Saturday Night Kid The 4

Cast

Saturday Night Kid The 9

Saturday Night Kid The 6

Saturday Night Kid The 7

Saturday Night Kid The 11

Saturday Night Kid The 10

Saturday Night Kid The 12

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Journey’s End (1930)


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Journey’s End (1930)

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Journey's End 6

Director: James Whale

Cast: Colin Clive, Ian Maclaren, David Manners, Billy Bevan, Anthony Bushell, Robert Adair, Charles K Gerrard, Tom Whiteley

120 min

Journey’s End is a 1930 British-American war film directed by James Whale. Based on the play of the same name by R. C. Sherriff, the film tells the story of several British army officers involved in trench warfare during the First World War. The film, like the play before it, was an enormous critical and commercial success and launched the film careers of Whale and several of its stars.

The following year there was a German film version Die andere Seite directed by Heinz Paul starring Conrad Veidt as Stanhope and Wolfgang Liebeneiner as Raleigh. The film was banned just weeks after the Nazis took power in 1933.

In 1976, the play was adapted again as Aces High with the scenario shifted to the British Royal Flying Corps. The play was adapted for film again with its original title and scenario in 2017.

Journey's End 7

Plot

On the eve of a battle in 1918, a new officer, Second Lieutenant Raleigh (David Manners), joins Captain Stanhope’s (Colin Clive) company in the British trench lines in France. The two men knew each other at school: the younger Raleigh hero-worshipping Stanhope, while Stanhope has come to love Raleigh’s sister.

But the Stanhope whom Raleigh encounters now is a changed man who, after three years at the front, has turned to drink and seems close to a breakdown. Stanhope is terrified that Raleigh will betray Stanhope’s decline to his sister, whom Stanhope still hopes to marry after the war.

An older officer, the avuncular Lieutenant Osborne (Ian Maclaren), desperately tries to keep Stanhope from cracking. Osborne and Raleigh are selected to lead a raiding party on the German trenches where a number of the British forces are killed, including Osborne. Later, when Raleigh too is mortally wounded, Stanhope faces a desperate time as, grief-stricken and without close friends, he prepares to face another furious enemy attack.

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Cast

 

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Production

When Howard Hughes made the decision to turn Hell’s Angels into a talkie, he hired a then-unknown James Whale, who had just arrived in Hollywood following a successful turn directing the play Journey’s End in London and on Broadway, to direct the talking sequences; it was Whale’s film debut, and arguably prepared him for the later success he would have with the feature version of Journey’s EndWaterloo Bridge, and, most famously, the 1931 version of Frankenstein. Unhappy with the script, Whale brought in Joseph Moncure March to re-write it. Hughes later gave March the Luger pistol used in the film.[1]

With production delayed while Hughes tinkered with the flying scenes in Hell’s Angels, Whale managed to shoot his film adaptation of Journey’s End and have it come out a month before Hell’s Angels was released. The gap between completion of the dialogue scenes and completion of the aerial combat stunts allowed Whale to be paid, sail back to England, and begin work on the subsequent project, making Whale’s actual (albeit uncredited) cinema debut, his “second” film to be released.[citation needed]

Journey's End 5

References

Notes
  1. Jump up^ Curtis 1998, p. 86.
Bibliography
  • Curtis, James. James Whale: A New World of Gods and Monsters. Boston: Faber and Faber,1998. ISBN0-571-19285-8.
  • Dolan, Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN0-86124-229-7.
  • Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. “A Viewer’s Guide to Aviation Movies”. The Making of the Great Aviation Films, General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
  • Orriss, Bruce. When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. ISBN0-9613088-0-X.
  • Osborne, Robert. 65 Years of the Oscar: The Official History of the Academy Awards London: Abbeville Press, 1994. ISBN1-55859-715-8.
  • “Production of ‘Hell’s Angels’ Cost the Lives of Three Aviators.” Syracuse Herald, December 28, 1930, p. 59.
  • Robertson, Patrick. Film Facts. New York: Billboard Books, 2001. ISBN0-8230-7943-0.

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Ten Minutes To Live (1932)


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Ten Minutes To Live (1932)

Ten Minutes To Live 1

Director: Oscar Micheaux

Cast: Lawrence Chenault, A B DeComathiere, Laura Bowman, Willor Lee Guilford, Tressie Mitchell, Mabel Garrett, Carl Mahon, Galle De Gaston

58 min

Ten Minutes to Live is a 1932 American film directed by Oscar Micheaux.

Plot summary

A movie producer offers a nightclub singer a role in his latest film, but all he really wants to do is bed her. She knows, but accepts anyway. Meanwhile, a patron at the club gets a note saying that she’ll soon get another note, and that she will be killed ten minutes after that.

Ten Minutes To Live 4

Cast

Ten Minutes To Live 3

Ten Minutes To Live 2

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From Hell To Heaven (1933)


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From Hell To Heaven (1933)

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From Hell To Heaven 1

Director: Erle C Kenton

Cast: Carole Lombard, Jack Oakie, Adrienne Ames, Sidney Blackmer, David Manners, Sidney Blackmer, Verna Hillie, Shirley Gray, Rita La Roy, Donald Kerr, Berton Churchill, Nydia Westman

67 min

From Hell to Heaven is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film. It was directed by Erle C. Kenton, and features an ensemble cast including Carole Lombard, Jack Oakie, Adrienne Ames and Sidney Blackmer.

From Hell To Heaven 4

Synopsis

A group of people from several walks of life gather to watch a horse race.

Cast

From Hell To Heaven 6

Production and reception

From Hell to Heaven was Paramount‘s effort to replicate the success of Grand Hotel (1932), which had won the Academy Award for Best Picture for MGM the year before.[1] Reviews were favorable; Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times wrote, “It is not as ambitious a picture as Grand Hotel, but it is interesting.”[2]

From Hell To Heaven 8

References

  1. Jump up^ Swindell, Larry (1975). Screwball: The Life of Carole Lombard. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 127. ISBN 978-0688002879.
  2. Jump up^ Ott, Frederick W. (1972). The Films of Carole Lombard. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0806502786.

From Hell To Heaven 9

From Hell To Heaven 5

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It Pays To Advertise (1931)


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It Pays To Advertise (1931)

 

It Pays To Advertise 1

It Pays To Advertise 5

Director: Frank Tuttle

Cast: Norman Foster, Carole Lombard, Richard Skeets Gallagher, Eugene Pallette, Lucien Littlefield, Judith Wood, Louise Brooks, Morgan Wallace, Tom Kennedy, Frank Tuttle

63 min

It Pays to Advertise is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film, based on the play of the same name by Roi Cooper Megrue and Walter C. Hackett, starring Norman Foster and Carole Lombard, and directed by Frank Tuttle.[1]

Plot

Rodney Martin sets up a soap business to rival his father. With the help of an advertising expert and his secretary, Mary, he develops a successful marketing campaign. His father ends up buying the company from him, while Rodney and Mary fall in love.[2]

It Pays To Advertise 2

Cast

It Pays To Advertise 7

Reception

The film received positive reviews. Photoplay wrote that it has “plenty of speed and lots of laughs”, and praised the “perfect cast”.[2]

It Pays To Advertise 3

References

  1. Jump up^ The AFI Catalog of Feature Films:..It Pays to Advertise
  2. Jump up to:a b Ott, Frederick W. (1972). The Films of Carole Lombard. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0806502786.

It Pays To Advertise 4

It Pays To Advertise 6

It Pays To Advertise 8

It Pays To Advertise 9

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Laughter (1930)


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Laughter (1930)

 

Laughter 1

Laughter 7

Director: Harry d’Abbadie d’Arrast

Cast: Nancy Carroll, Fredric March, Frank Morgan, Glenn Anders, Diane Ellis, Ollie Burgoyne, Leonard Carey, Eric Blore

85 min 

Laughter is a 1930 American pre-Code film directed by Harry d’Abbadie d’Arrast and starring Nancy CarrollFredric March and Frank Morgan.[1]

The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story.[2]

A copy has been preserved at the Library of Congress.[3]

In 1931, a German-language version called Die Männer um Lucie was released starring Liane Haid and Lien Deyers. This film is considered lost.

Laughter 4

Plot

Peggy is a Follies dancer who forsakes her life of carefree attachments in order to meet her goal of marrying a millionaire. Alas, her elderly husband, broker C. Morton Gibson, is a well-meaning bore, and soon Peggy begins seeking entertainment elsewhere.

A year after their marriage, three significant events occur almost simultaneously. Peggy’s former boyfriend, Paul Lockridge, a composer and pianist who is in love with her and seems to have a funny quip for every occasion, returns from Paris.

Laughter 6

She reunites with him as he offers her his companionship as a diversion from her stuffy life. Also, Ralph Le Saint, a young devil-may-care sculptor who is still in love with Peggy, plans his suicide in a mood of bitterness, and Gibson’s daughter, Marjorie, returns from schooling abroad. Marjorie is soon paired with Ralph, and the romance that develops between them is paralleled by the adult affair between Peggy and Paul.

Ralph and Marjorie’s escapades result in considerable trouble for Morton, while Paul implores Peggy to go to Paris with him, declaring “You are rich–dirty rich. You are dying. You need laughter to make you clean,” but she refuses. When Marjorie plans to elope with Ralph, Peggy exposes the sculptor as a fortune hunter; and, dejected, he commits suicide. As a result, Peggy confesses her unhappiness to Gibson, then joins Paul and laughter in Paris.

Laughter 9

References

  1. The AFI Catalog of Feature Films:Laughter
  2. Jump up^ Osborne, Robert (1994). 65 Years of the Oscar: The Official History of the Academy Awards. London: Abbeville Press. p. 27. ISBN 1-55859-715-8.
  3. Jump up^ Catalog of Holdings The American Film Institute Collection and The United Artists Collection at The Library of Congressp.101 c.1978 by the American Film Institute

 

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Laughter 10

Laughter 5

Laughter 3

Laughter 2

 

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Heart of New York, The (1932)


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The Heart of New York (1932)

Heart of New York 9

Director: Mervyn LeRoy

Cast: Joe Smith, Charles Dale, George Sidney, Ruth Hall, Aline MacMahon, Anna Appel, Donald Cook, Oscar Apfel

73 min

The Heart of New York is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film starring the vaudeville team of Smith & Dale and George Sidney. It was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and based on the Broadway play Mendel, Inc. by David Freedman.

Heart of New York 1

Plot

The plumber Mendel Marantz, a passionate inventor, hasn’t much luck and a family that doesn’t understand him. He finally strikes it rich with a dishwashing machine he invented.

He finds an investor, Gassenheim, and begins to make his way up in the world. But Mendel’s troubles are not over; his family doesn’t share his dream to become the landlord of the house where they live on New York’s Lower East Side.

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They prefer to move uptown to Park Avenue and adapt to how rich people live. Mendel’s ideas for the house are not forgotten. The men he once told how he wished to transform the building take on the work of renovating it, with every detail he planned.

Neighbours and visitors come to see the house and the new, beautiful penthouse. His wife and his children are still in Park Avenue and when Gassenheim stops paying royalties to Mrs. Marantz, she and the children come home, to find that Mendel is close to losing everything.

Heart of New York 7

Cast

Heart of New York 6

Heart of New York 5

Heart of New York 2

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Virtue (1932)


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Virtue (1932)

Virtue 12

Actresses Carole Lombard and Shirley Grey in Virtue

Director: Edward Buzzell

Cast: Carle Lombard, Pat O’Brien, Ward Bond, Shirley Grey, Mayo Methot, Jack LaRue, Williard Robertson, Jessie Arnold

68 min

Virtue is a 1932 Pre-Code American romance film starring Carole Lombard and Pat O’Brien.

Plot

New York City streetwalker Mae (Carole Lombard) is placed on a train by a policeman and told not to come back. However, she gets off, taking the cab of Jimmy Doyle (Pat O’Brien), who doesn’t think much of women. She slips away without paying the fare. Her friend and fellow prostitute, Lil (Mayo Methot), advises her to find honest work.

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The next day, Mae goes to the cab company to pay Jimmy. They start arguing, but they are attracted to each other. He gets her a job as a waitress. By coincidence, Gert (Shirley Grey), another former prostitute who knows her, also works at the restaurant.

Jimmy and Mae soon marry, but Mae doesn’t tell her new husband about her past. After a honeymoon at Coney Island, the happy couple are met at Mae’s apartment by a policeman who mistakes Jimmy for Mae’s latest “client”. Jimmy shows him their marriage license to clear up the trouble, then leaves to think things over. He returns the next day, ready to try to make the marriage work.

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Jimmy has saved $420 of the $500 he needs to become a partner in Flannagan’s gas station. However, Gert begs Mae to lend her $200 for a doctor. Despite her misgivings, Mae gives it to her. The next day, she learns that Gert has lied to her. When Jimmy tells her that the gas station owner needs money and is willing to settle for what he already has, Mae begins searching desperately for Gert.

Mae finally finds her and slaps her around until she promises to get her the money the next night. However, Gert has given the money to her boyfriend Toots (Jack La Rue), who is also Lil’s pimp. When Gert tries to steal the $200 from his wallet, Toots catches her and accidentally kills her. He hides the body, then watches from hiding as Mae shows up, finds the money and leaves.

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The police arrest Mae for the crime because she left her bag behind in Gert’s apartment. However, a distrusting Jimmy had been following Mae and knows a man was with Gert. He learns that it was Toots, but when he confronts him, Lil gives Toots an alibi. Jimmy goes to the district attorney to report what he knows. Lil convinces Toots to go to the district attorney to lodge a complaint against Jimmy. Lil reveals herself to be Mae’s true friend, admitting that Toots lied and exonerating Mae.

Jimmy goes to the gas station to tell Flannagan he no longer wants to buy into the partnership. He sees Mae pumping gas under a Doyle & Flannagan sign. They argue and reconcile.

Virtue 5

Cast (in credits order)

Virtue 10

Virtue 7

Virtue 4

Virtue 3

Virtue 2

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Broadway (1929)


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Broadway (1929)

Broadway 4

Director: Paul Fejos

Cast: Glenn Tryon, Evelyn Brent, Merna Kennedy, Thomas E Jackson, Robert Ellis, Otis Harlan, Paul Porcasi, Marion Lord, Fritz Field, Leslie Fenton, Arthur Housman

104 min

 

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Broadway is a 1929 film directed by Paul Fejos from the play of the same name by George Abbott and Philip Dunning. It stars Glenn TryonEvelyn BrentPaul PorcasiRobert EllisMerna Kennedy and Thomas E. Jackson.[1]

This was Universal’s first talking picture with Technicolor sequences. The film was released by the Criterion Collection on Blu-ray and DVD with Paul Fejo’s Lonesome on August 2012.

Plot

Roy Lane and Billie Moore, entertainers at the Paradise Nightclub, are in love and are rehearsing an act together. Late to work one evening, Billie is saved from dismissal by Nick Verdis, the club proprietor, through the intervention of Steve Crandall, a bootlegger, who desires a liaison with the girl.

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“Scar” Edwards, robbed of a truckload of contraband liquor by Steve’s gang, arrives at the club for a showdown with Steve and is shot in the back. Steve gives Billie a bracelet to forget that she has seen him helping a “drunk” from the club. Though Roy is arrested by Dan McCorn, he is later released on Billie’s testimony.

Nick is murdered by Steve. Billie witnesses the killing, but keeps quiet about the dirty business until she finds out Steve’s next target is Roy. Billie is determined to tell her story to the police before Roy winds up dead, but Steve isn’t about to let that happen and kidnaps her. Steve, in his car, is fired at from a taxi, and overheard by Pearl, he confesses to killing Edwards. Pearl confronts Steve in Nick’s office and kills him; and McCorn, finding Steve’s body, insists that he committed suicide, exonerating Pearl and leaving Roy and Billie to the success of their act.

Broadway 6

Cast

Broadway 7

Production

Director Fejos designed the camera crane specifically for use on this movie, allowing unusually fluid movement and access to nearly every conceivable angle. It could travel at 600 feet per minute and enlivened the visual style of this film and others that followed.

Broadway 8

Preservation status

Both the silent version and the talking version of Broadway are extant, but the surviving talking version is incomplete. The color sequence at the end survives in color and in sound. In 2013, Broadway was restored by The Criterion Collection and released on DVD and Blu-ray.

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See also

References[edit]

  1. Jump up to:a b BroadwayCatalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 2015-11-24.

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Broadway 13

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Going Spanish (1934)


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Going Spanish (1934)

Going Spanish 1

Director: Al Christie

Cast: Bob Hope, Leah Ray, Frances Halliday, Jules Epailly, Vicki Cummings, William Edmunds, Godoy’s Spanish Band

19 min 

Going Spanish (1934) is an American short comedy film featuring the film debut of Bob Hope and directed by Al Christie. The short comedy co-stars Leah Ray and Jules Epailly. Released by Educational Pictures, the film premiered on March 2, 1934, and is also known as Bob’s Busy Day (American recut version).[1]

Plot

While on vacation in the South America nation of Los Poachos Eggos, Bob (Bob Hope) passes through the village of Los Pochos Eggos. His car collides with that of the mayor of the village. The mayor becomes enraged and he begins tearing Bob’s car to pieces. Bob retaliates and takes his car apart as well.

According to the village tradition, on one day each year, any crime is forgiven provided that the criminal sing a song afterward. Bob could have been arrested, but instead he happened to appear in town on the appropriate day. Later in the film, Bob woos Senorita (Leah Ray) and begins to make the mayor jealous. Each time an offense is committed, the mayor declares “This means war.”

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Cast

Reception

The film was very unsuccessful and was panned by critics. Shortly after it was released, the bank robber John Dillingerwas at large. Hope told Walter Winchell that he had starred in the film and then added “When they catch Dillinger, they’re going to make him sit through it twice.”

After Hope made this comment, Christie and Educational terminated Hope’s contract. Hope then starred in his second and third short films, Soup for Nuts (Universal Studios, 9 July 1934) and Paree, Paree (Warner Brothers, 8 September 1934).

References

 

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Three Broadway Girls (1932)


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Three Broadway Girls AKA The Greeks Had A Word For Them (1932)

Three Broadway Girls 1

Director: Lowell Sherman

Cast: Joan Blondell, Madge Evans, Ina Claire, David Manners, Lowell Sherman, Phillips Smalley, Sidney Bracey, Ward Bond, Betty Grable, Creighton Hale, Barbara Weeks

79 min 

The Greeks Had a Word for Them (1932), also known as Three Broadway Girls, is a pre-Code comedy film directed by Lowell Sherman, produced by Samuel Goldwyn, and released by United Artists. It stars Joan BlondellMadge Evans, and Ina Claire and is based on the play The Greeks Had a Word for It by Zoë Akins.

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The studio originally wanted actress Jean Harlow for the lead after her success in Red-Headed Woman (1932), but she was under contract to Howard Hughes, and he refused to loan her out.

The movie served as inspiration for films like Three Blind Mice (1938), Moon Over Miami (1941), and How to Marry a Millionaire (1953). Also Ladies in Love (1936) has a similar pattern and produced like “Three Blind Mice” by Darryl F. Zanuck.[clarification needed]

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Plot

Jean, Polaire, and Schatze are ex-showgirls who put their money together in order to rent a luxurious penthouse apartment. They are out to get wealthy boyfriends by dressing and acting like millionaires themselves. Jean shows herself to be determined and ruthless, leaving the other girls behind. The other two are more sensitive and trustworthy but only one woman will be able to find a rich husband. Which is she?

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Cast

See also

Three Broadway Girls 5

Three Broadway Girls 6

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Road To Ruin, The (1934)


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Pre Code Hollywood Season: FD Cinematheque

The Road To Ruin (1934)

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Director: Dorothy Davenport AKA Mrs Wallace Reid and Melville Shyer

Cast: Helen Foster, Nell O’Day, Glen Boles, Robert Quirk, Paul Page, Richard Hemingway, Virginia True Boardman, Richard Tucker, Donald Kerr

 62 min

Road to Ruin is a 1934 Pre-Codeexploitation film directed by Dorothy Davenport, under the name “Mrs. Wallace Reid”, and Melville Shyer, and written by Davenport with the uncredited contribution of the film’s producer, Willis Kent. The film, which is in the public domain, is about a young girl whose life is ruined by sex and drugs.

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Cast

Director/writer Dorothy Davenport appears in the film in the role of “Mrs. Merrill.” Mae Busch and Fern Emmett appear in uncredited roles.

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Production

The Road to Ruin is a sound re-make of a 1928 silent film of the same name, written and produced by Willis Kent and also starring Helen Foster.[1] Foster, reprising her role as a high school girl, was 27 years old at the time, and six years older than her on-screen boyfriend, Glen Boles.

The titles and composers of the three songs performed in the film are not recorded.[1]

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To promote the film, the producers advertised that it was not to be shown to anyone under eighteen, implying that it contained salacious material. Film censors in Virginia required a “record number” of cuts in the film before clearing it for release, according to Film Daily, while in Detroit, the film was boycotted by the Catholic Church, but was cleared by the local censors after some cuts.[1]

A novelization of the film was put out by the producers, apparently intended for use by school and civic groups as an aid to discussion of the social problems presented in the film: teenage drinking, promiscuity, pregnancy and abortion.[1]

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Reception

The reviewer for Variety found the film “restrained” in comparison to the more “hotly sexed” silent version, while other reviewers found it to be an improvement over the earlier film, and “sensational”.[1] A modern critic called the film “[A] sordid drive down the path of moral and physical degradation, capped off with just enough of a moral lesson to alleviate any guilt the viewer might feel for watching such a decadent display.”[2]

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Hook, Line And Sinker (1930)


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Pre Code Hollywood Season: FD Cinematheque

Hook, Line And Sinker (1930)

HOOK, LINE AND SINKER, Bert Wheeler, Robert Woolsey [Wheeler and Woolsey], 1930

Director: Edward F Cline

Cast: Bert Wheeler, Robert Woolsey, Dorothy Lee, Ralph Harolde, Jobyna Howland, Natalie Moorhead, Hugh Herbert, George F Marion

75 min

Hook, Line and Sinker is a 1930 American Pre-Code slapstick comedy directed by Edward F. Cline from a screenplay by Ralph Spence and Tim Whelan. It was the third starring vehicle for the comedy team of Wheeler & Woolsey (Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey), and also featured Dorothy Lee. It would be one of the largest financial successes for RKO Pictures in 1930.

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Plot summary

Two fast-talking insurance salesmen — Wilbur Boswell and J. Addington Ganzy — help penniless socialite Mary Marsh to turn a dilapidated hotel, which was willed to her, into a thriving success. They soon run into trouble, however, in the form of two sets of rival gangsters who want to break into the hotel safe; also, Mary’s mother, Rebecca Marsh, wants her to marry wealthy lawyer John Blackwell, although Mary has fallen in love with Wilbur.

And while she takes an instant dislike to Wilbur, Rebecca falls for Ganzy. Adding to the complications is the fact that Blackwell is actually in league with the gangsters. The finale involves nighttime runarounds and a shoot-out in the hotel. During the pitched battle between the rival gangs and the police, Boswell and Ganzy save the jewels, after which Ganzy marries Rebecca, and then gives away Mary at her marriage to Wilbur.

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Cast

(Cast list as per AFI database)[2]

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Reception

The film made a profit of $225,000,[4] and would be one of the top two money earners for RKO Radio Pictures in 1930.[4]

Notes

In 1958, the film entered the public domain in the USA due to the copyright claimants failure to renew the copyright registration in the 28th year after publication.[5]

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References

  1. Jump up^ Hook, Line and Sinker: Technical Details”. theiapolis.com. Retrieved August 6, 2014.[permanent dead link]
  2. Jump up to:a b c d Hook, Line and Sinker: Detail View”. American Film Institute. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  3. Jump up^ Richard Jewel, ‘RKO Film Grosses: 1931-1951’, Historical Journal of Film Radio and Television, Vol 14 No 1, 1994, p. 55
  4. Jump up to:a b c Jewell, Richard B.; Harbin, Vernon (1982). The RKO Story. New York: Arlington House. p. 24. ISBN 0-517-546566.
  5. Jump up^ Pierce, David (June 2007). “Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain”. Film History: An International Journal19 (2): 125–43. doi:10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125ISSN 0892-2160JSTOR 25165419OCLC 15122313. See note #60, pg. 143.

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Sin Of Nora Moran, The (1933)


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Pre Code Hollywood Season: FD Cinematheque

The Sin Of Nora Moran (1933) AKA Voice From The Grave

Director: Phil Goldstone

Cast: Zita Johann, John Miljan, Alan Dinehart, Paul Cavanagh, Claire Du Brey, Sarah Padden, Henry B Walthall, Otis Harlan, Aggie Herring, Cora Sue Collins, Ann Brody

65 min

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The Sin of Nora Moran is a 1933 American film directed by Phil Goldstone. The film is also known as Voice from the Grave (American reissue title).

The painting for the movie poster was by Peruvian Alberto Vargas, who was working in the United States and later became known for his images of the “Vargas Girls.” This poster is frequently named as one of the greatest movie posters ever made.[1]

Plot summary

Nora Moran, a young woman with a difficult and tragic past, is sentenced to die for a murder that she did not commit. She could easily reveal the truth and save her own life, if only it would not damage the lives, careers and reputations of those whom she loves.

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Cast

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References

 1. The 25 Best Movie Posters Ever, Premier Magazine
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Don’t Bet On Love (1933)


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Pre Code Hollywood Season: FD Cinematheque

Don’t Bet On Love (1933)

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Don t Bet On Love 8

Director: Murray Roth

Cast: Ginger Rogers, Lew Ayres, Charley Grapewin, Shirley Grey, Tom Dugan, Merna Kennedy, Lucille Gleason, Robert Emmett Connor

62 min

 

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Don’t Bet on Love is a 1933 American comedy film directed by Murray Roth and written by Howard Emmett Rogers, Murray Roth and Ben Ryan. The film stars Lew AyresGinger RogersCharley GrapewinShirley GreyTom Dugan and Merna Kennedy. The film was released on July 1, 1933, by Universal Pictures.[1][2][3]

Plot

Molly Gilbert won’t accept a marriage proposal from Bill McCaffery unless he promises to quit betting money on horse races. He gives her his word, but Molly is miffed when she realizes he wants to honeymoon in Saratoga, New York due to its proximity to the racetrack.

Behind her back, Bill unethically uses money from his dad Pop McCaffery’s plumbing business to continue gambling. He gets on a hot streak, winning $50,000, then buys a horse of his own, cheats by disguising a faster horse as his, then loses all his money. Bill agrees to become a plumber, pleasing Molly.

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Cast

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References

  1. Jump up^ “Don’t Bet on Love (1933) – Overview”. TCM.com. Retrieved 2016-01-06.
  2. Jump up^ F.S.N. (1933-07-31). “Movie Review – Don t Bet on Love – Crazy Over Horses”. NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2016-01-06.
  3. Jump up^ “Don’t Bet on Love”. Afi.com. Retrieved 2016-01-06.

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